High dose rateIr versus high dose rateCo brachytherapy: an overview of systematic reviews of clinical responses of gynecological cancers from 1984 to 2020.

. Radioisotope ofIradium (Ir) has a half-life (74 days) and is not easily accessible in developing countries. As a result, by the time source shipment clearance and the customs paperwork are completed, a large proportion of useful activity had already been decayed away. In fact,Cobalt (Co) remote afterloading systems are commercially available by many venders. As a result, it may well become an alternative source toIr and conform many of these challenges. The aim of this study is that to report clinical responses of different types of gynaecological cancers treated with high dose rate (HDR)Ir and HDRCo brachytherapy in order to check whether HDRCo could be used as an alternative brachytherapy, source to HDRIr.. A retrospective study of clinical responses of different types of gynaecological cancers, staged from I to IV according to recommendations of International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), treated by brachytherapy alone, radiotherapy alone (combined brachytherapy and radiotherapy) and combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy (brachytherapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) between 1984 and December 2020 was conducted. The patients were treated with external beam radiotherapy 45-51 Gy boosted with HDRIr and HDRCo afterloading brachytherapy of 18-30 Gy to point A.. The study scrutinized the data of 11086 patients with different types of gynaecological cancers. Most of the patients, 70 percent of them, were diagnosed with gynaecological cancers in stages II and III. For patients treated withIr brachytherapy source 5-years overall survival rate (OS), local control, 2-years, 5-years and 10-years disease free survival (DFS), complications of gastro-intestine (GI) and complications of genito-urinary (GU) were 63.5%, 92%, 72.6%, 64.07%, 43.75%, 3.9% and 5.92%, but for those treated withCo they were 57.7%, 86.63%, 82.5%, 53.35%, 43.75%, 4.8% and 3.7%, respectively.The use of HDRCo brachytherapy has the capacity to produce overall survival rate and disease control in patients with carcinoma of the gynaecology comparable to that reported for HDRIr brachytherapy. Currently, the toxicity and damage of the normal tissues and radiation-related second cancers are of a similar incidence to that of standard HDRIr brachytherapy. Source exchange frequency is not a serious concern because it requires less frequency of replacement, and commissioning can be accomplished within years; hence, replacing HDRIr with HDRCo brachytherapy achieves significant cost saving. Therefore, we recommend thatCo source ought to be the first choice for low resource radiotherapy setting as it offers economic advantages overIr and have comparable clinical outcomes to that ofIr source.