Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Jan;122(1):129-138.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.014. Epub 2021 Aug 7.
There is limited evidence about diet quality and associated factors in a representative population-based sample of preschool-aged children in Finland.
The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the extent to which child diet quality and the consumption of health indicator foods (vegetables, fruits, berries, vegetable oil-based spread, nonfat milk) are in accordance with Finnish recommendations for preschool-aged children, (2) whether diet quality differs between children with underweight or normal weight compared with children with overweight or obesity, and (3) whether parental or child factors are related to children's diet quality.
This was a cross-sectional study.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Healthy children aged 2 to 6 years (n = 766) were recruited from child health clinics across Finland from February to June 2016.
Diet quality and consumption of the health indicator foods were assessed by the Children's Index of Diet Quality (CIDQ, score 0-21, values < 10 indicate poor; 10-13.5, moderate; and ≥14, good diet quality). Parental information was collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Child weight and height were measured by child health clinic nurses.
The overweight/obesity status and diet quality of the children were compared with 1-way analysis of variance. One-way analysis of variance was used as the preliminary analysis between child and parental factors and CIDQ scores, and linear mixed model analysis to further analyze the relationship between child and parental factors and CIDQ data.
Only a small minority (13.7%) of the children had a good diet quality, 55.4% had a moderate diet quality, and 30.9% had a poor diet quality. Only 1% of the children consumed the key health indicator foods, namely vegetables, fruits, and berries, as recommended. Diet quality did not differ between children with underweight/normal weight and overweight/obesity. Instead, the child's younger age, parents' higher education, and parents' self-perceived healthy diet were related to good diet quality in the child.
The diet quality was moderate or poor in the majority of the children. Parental characteristics were the main factors related to the child's diet quality. The results suggest that future efforts to improve preschool-aged children's diet quality are needed including efforts to counsel families in pediatric care. Whether the findings from the current study also apply to Finnish school-aged children should be investigated further.
在芬兰，针对学龄前儿童的代表性人群样本，有关饮食质量和相关因素的证据有限。
本研究旨在调查：(1) 儿童饮食质量和健康指标食物（蔬菜、水果、浆果、蔬菜油基涂抹酱、低脂牛奶）的消费情况与芬兰推荐的学龄前儿童饮食建议的符合程度；(2) 体重不足或正常的儿童与超重或肥胖的儿童之间的饮食质量是否存在差异；(3) 父母或儿童因素与儿童饮食质量的关系。
这是一项横断面研究。
参与者/设置：2016 年 2 月至 6 月，从芬兰各地的儿童保健诊所招募了 766 名 2 至 6 岁健康儿童。
饮食质量和健康指标食物的消费情况通过儿童饮食质量指数（CIDQ，得分 0-21，<10 表示较差；10-13.5 表示中等；≥14 表示较好）进行评估。父母信息通过自我管理问卷收集。儿童的体重和身高由儿童保健诊所护士测量。
使用单因素方差分析比较超重/肥胖状态和儿童饮食质量。使用单因素方差分析作为儿童和父母因素与 CIDQ 评分之间的初步分析，然后使用线性混合模型分析进一步分析儿童和父母因素与 CIDQ 数据之间的关系。
仅有少数（13.7%）儿童饮食质量较好，55.4%儿童饮食质量中等，30.9%儿童饮食质量较差。只有 1%的儿童摄入了关键的健康指标食物，即蔬菜、水果和浆果，与推荐的摄入量一致。体重不足/正常的儿童与超重/肥胖的儿童之间的饮食质量没有差异。相反，儿童年龄较小、父母受教育程度较高以及父母自我感知的健康饮食与儿童饮食质量较好有关。
大多数儿童的饮食质量中等或较差。父母的特征是与儿童饮食质量相关的主要因素。研究结果表明，需要进一步努力改善学龄前儿童的饮食质量，包括在儿科护理中为家庭提供咨询。目前研究的结果是否也适用于芬兰学龄儿童，还需要进一步调查。
