School of Economics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, No.388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jan;29(2):2894-2910. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15885-0. Epub 2021 Aug 11.
The heterogeneity can greatly influence the green innovative development of industrial enterprises. Based on the stochastic frontier analysis model of heterogeneity, this paper measures the green innovative efficiency of industrial enterprises in China for the time period of 2008 to 2017, and concludes the following results: (a) in the production function estimation, the R&D expenditure of industrial enterprises is the main positive factor in influencing green innovation, while the energy consumption the main negative factor. The effects of R&D talents and environment quality are not obvious at both stages. (b) The overall green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises is only 0.2981 at R&D stage with an efficiency loss of 0.7019, and the residual efficiency of green innovation is 0.9966 with persistent efficiency as 0.2991. The overall green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises is only 0.3930 at new product sales stage with an efficiency loss of 0.607, and the residual efficiency of green innovation is 0.8196 with persistent efficiency as 0.4783. (c) In the sample period, there appears to be an apparent decreasing of green innovative efficiency level from R&D stage to new product sales stage. Besides, the distribution of both overall efficiency and persistent efficiency tend to disperse, and there are great differences among years which are expanded at different stages. (d) Certain "club convergence" exists in overall efficiency and persistent efficiency of green innovation. The structural problem at R&D stage is the main factor in influencing the green innovation overall efficiency. The residual factors such as time effect at new product sales stage affect new product transformation. In order to increase green innovation efficiency, considering development level of selves, regions can establish a "club" to set up an efficient and sharable patent transfer platform, and reduce new product transformation loss.
异质性可能会极大地影响工业企业的绿色创新发展。基于异质性随机前沿分析模型,本文测算了 2008 年至 2017 年期间中国工业企业的绿色创新效率,得出以下结论:(a)在生产函数估计中,工业企业的研发支出是影响绿色创新的主要正向因素,而能源消耗则是主要负向因素。研发人才和环境质量的影响在两个阶段都不明显。(b)工业企业研发阶段的绿色创新总效率仅为 0.2981,效率损失为 0.7019,绿色创新剩余效率为 0.9966,持续效率为 0.2991。工业企业新产品销售阶段的绿色创新总效率仅为 0.3930,效率损失为 0.607,绿色创新剩余效率为 0.8196,持续效率为 0.4783。(c)在样本期内,从研发阶段到新产品销售阶段,绿色创新效率水平明显下降。此外,整体效率和持续效率的分布趋于分散,且各年之间存在较大差异,在不同阶段有所扩大。(d)绿色创新的整体效率和持续效率存在一定的“俱乐部收敛”。研发阶段的结构问题是影响绿色创新整体效率的主要因素。新产品销售阶段的时间效应等剩余因素影响新产品转化。为了提高绿色创新效率,考虑到自身发展水平,各地区可以建立一个“俱乐部”,建立一个高效、可共享的专利转让平台,减少新产品转化损失。