Huang Shansong, Bai Yang, Tan Qingmei
College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 18;12(1):e0169473. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169473. eCollection 2017.
The agglomeration of innovation determinants has a significant influence on the innovation performance of industries and enterprises. Such an effect has received less attention in empirical research studies. This study involves a survey of the agglomeration effect of two important innovation determinants, R&D investment and R&D personnel, and its influence on innovation performance from the perspective of the industrial level. We analysed the agglomeration features based on the panel data of 23 Chinese industrial sectors from 2001~2013. An interpretation model is proposed to examine the agglomeration effect on innovation performance for 4 industrial groups: state-owned enterprises, individual enterprises, foreign-owned enterprises and enterprises as a whole. We found two main results. First, the agglomeration of determinants has a clear positive effect on the innovation performance of all 4 groups but affects individual enterprises more significantly, followed by state-owned and foreign-owned enterprises. Second, the state-owned enterprises show a much higher concentration of R&D investment and R&D personnel than other groups. However, the induced innovation efficiency in the state-owned enterprises is worse than in the individual enterprises. The advantage of resources and capital does not translate into corresponding innovation output. The privately owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) show a high capability of technological innovation and mercerization but have limited innovation resources.
创新决定因素的集聚对产业和企业的创新绩效具有重大影响。这种效应在实证研究中较少受到关注。本研究从产业层面调查了两个重要创新决定因素（研发投入和研发人员）的集聚效应及其对创新绩效的影响。我们基于2001年至2013年中国23个工业部门的面板数据，分析了集聚特征。提出了一个解释模型，以检验4个产业组（国有企业、个体企业、外资企业和整体企业）的集聚对创新绩效的影响。我们发现了两个主要结果。第一，决定因素的集聚对所有4个组的创新绩效都有明显的正向影响，但对个体企业的影响更为显著，其次是国有企业和外资企业。第二，国有企业的研发投入和研发人员集中度远高于其他组。然而，国有企业的诱导创新效率比个体企业差。资源和资本优势并未转化为相应的创新产出。私营中小企业表现出较高的技术创新和商业化能力，但创新资源有限。
