Niet Irene, van Est Rinie, Veraart Frank
Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Rathenau Instituut, The Hague, Netherlands.
Front Artif Intell. 2021 Jul 30;4:690237. doi: 10.3389/frai.2021.690237. eCollection 2021.
The Proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act, published by the European Commission in April 2021, marks a major step in the governance of artificial intelligence (AI). This paper examines the significance of this Act for the electricity sector, specifically investigating to what extent the current European Union Bill addresses the societal and governance challenges posed by the use of AI that affects the tasks of system operators. For this we identify various options for the use of AI by system operators, as well as associated risks. AI has the potential to facilitate grid management, flexibility asset management and electricity market activities. Associated risks include lack of transparency, decline of human autonomy, cybersecurity, market dominance, and price manipulation on the electricity market. We determine to what extent the current bill pays attention to these identified risks and how the European Union intends to govern these risks. The proposed AI Act addresses well the issue of transparency and clarifying responsibilities, but pays too little attention to risks related to human autonomy, cybersecurity, market dominance and price manipulation. We make some governance suggestions to address those gaps.
欧盟委员会于2021年4月发布的《人工智能法案提案》标志着人工智能治理迈出了重要一步。本文探讨了该法案对电力部门的重要性,具体研究了当前的欧盟法案在多大程度上应对了因使用人工智能而给系统运营商任务带来影响所引发的社会和治理挑战。为此,我们确定了系统运营商使用人工智能的各种选项以及相关风险。人工智能有潜力促进电网管理、灵活性资产管理和电力市场活动。相关风险包括缺乏透明度、人类自主性下降、网络安全、市场主导地位以及电力市场上的价格操纵。我们确定当前法案在多大程度上关注这些已识别的风险,以及欧盟打算如何管控这些风险。拟议的人工智能法案很好地解决了透明度和明确责任的问题,但对与人类自主性、网络安全、市场主导地位和价格操纵相关的风险关注过少。我们提出了一些治理建议以弥补这些差距。