Jarota Maciej
Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law, Institute of Law, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Raclawickie 14, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2021 May 5;16(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12995-021-00301-7.
Technological progress in the twenty-first century offers real chances for economic development of the European Union (EU). The purpose of this publication is to analyse risks and threats relating to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) considerations in the context of scientific and technological development. The article attempts the analysis of whether current legislation of the European Union enables good protection of workers' health in the performance of their duties using robots, artificial intelligence (AI). A feature of robotisation and AI may be new challenges in OHS protection. The analysis performed aims to determine whether threats posted by working with Artificial Intelligence are serious enough for the EU Legislator to focus on implementation of new OHS regulations.
The analysis was carried out on the basis of current legal regulations related to the protection of employee's health in the European Union. The study used literature related to robotisation with artificial intelligence and health and safety at work in the working environment.
Given the new psychological and physical threats related to the use of AI robots, it is necessary to expand the EU legislation with general guidelines for the use of intelligent robots in the work environment. Indeed, such robots must be defined in the applicable legal framework. Employers should also define, as part of their internal regulations, the procedures for employee communication with artificial intelligence, and relevantly update their training in the OHS area.
The developments in AI-assisted robots come with inherent risks and threats to the working environment. New challenges create the need for adapting EU laws to changing reality. In order to structure European Union legislation on health and safety at work, these changes could be defined in a single piece of legislation covering robotics and AI after detailed analysis, dialogue, and debate.
21世纪的技术进步为欧盟的经济发展提供了切实机遇。本出版物的目的是分析在科技发展背景下与职业健康和安全（OHS）考量相关的风险和威胁。本文试图分析欧盟现行立法是否能够在工人使用机器人、人工智能（AI）履行职责时很好地保护他们的健康。机器人化和人工智能的一个特点可能是在职业健康与安全保护方面带来新的挑战。所进行的分析旨在确定与人工智能一起工作所带来的威胁是否严重到足以让欧盟立法者专注于实施新的职业健康与安全法规。
该分析基于欧盟现行的与保护员工健康相关的法律法规进行。该研究使用了与人工智能机器人化以及工作环境中的健康与安全相关的文献。
鉴于与使用人工智能机器人相关的新的心理和身体威胁，有必要扩展欧盟立法，纳入在工作环境中使用智能机器人的一般准则。事实上，此类机器人必须在适用的法律框架中予以定义。雇主还应在其内部规定中确定员工与人工智能沟通的程序，并相应更新他们在职业健康与安全领域的培训。
人工智能辅助机器人的发展给工作环境带来了内在风险和威胁。新的挑战使得有必要使欧盟法律适应不断变化的现实。为了构建欧盟关于工作场所健康与安全的立法，在经过详细分析、对话和辩论后，这些变化可以在一项涵盖机器人技术和人工智能的单一立法中予以明确。
