Yvan Prkachin - History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
Can Bull Med Hist. 2021;38(2):253-284. doi: 10.3138/cbmh.486-112020. Epub 2021 Aug 17.
In the 1940s, Wilder Penfield carried out a series of experimental psychosurgeries with the psychiatrist D. Ewen Cameron. This article explores Penfield's brief foray into psychosurgery and uses this episode to re-examine the emergence of his surgical enterprise. Penfield's greatest achievement - the surgical treatment of epilepsy - grew from the same roots as psychosurgery, and the histories of these treatments overlap in surprising ways. Within the contexts of Rockefeller-funded neuropsychiatry and Adolf Meyer's psychobiology, Penfield's frontal lobe operations (including a key operation on his sister) played a crucial role in the development of lobotomy in the 1930s. The combination of ambiguous data and the desire to collaborate with a psychiatrist encouraged Penfield to try to develop a superior operation. However, unlike his collaboration with psychiatrists, Penfield's productive working relationship with psychologists encouraged him to abandon the experimental "gyrectomy" procedure. The story of Penfield's attempt to find a better lobotomy can help us to examine different forms of interdisciplinarity within biomedicine.
20 世纪 40 年代，怀尔德·彭菲尔德（Wilder Penfield）与精神病学家 D·伊文·卡梅隆（D. Ewen Cameron）合作开展了一系列实验性精神外科学手术。本文探讨了彭菲尔德短暂涉足精神外科学的情况，并利用这一插曲重新审视他的外科学事业的出现。彭菲尔德最大的成就——癫痫的手术治疗——与精神外科学有着相同的根源，这些治疗方法的历史以令人惊讶的方式重叠。在洛克菲勒基金会资助的神经精神病学和阿道夫·迈尔（Adolf Meyer）的心理生物学背景下，彭菲尔德的额叶手术（包括对他姐姐的一次关键手术）在 20 世纪 30 年代的脑白质切除术的发展中发挥了关键作用。数据的模糊性和与精神病医生合作的愿望相结合，鼓励彭菲尔德尝试开发一种更优越的手术。然而，与他与精神病医生的合作不同，彭菲尔德与心理学家富有成效的合作关系促使他放弃了实验性的“gyrectomy”程序。彭菲尔德试图寻找更好的脑白质切除术的故事，可以帮助我们审视生物医学内部的不同形式的跨学科性。
