Braver Todd S, Kizhner Alexander, Tang Rongxiang, Freund Michael C, Etzel Joset A
Washington University in St. Louis.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2021 Aug 12:1-26. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01768.
We describe an ambitious ongoing study that has been strongly influenced and inspired by Don Stuss's career-long efforts to identify key cognitive processes that characterize executive control, investigate potential unifying dimensions that define prefrontal function, and carefully attend to individual differences. The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project tests a theoretical framework positing two key control dimensions: proactive and reactive. The framework's central tenets are that proactive and reactive control modes reflect domain-general dimensions of individual variation, with distinctive neural signatures, involving the lateral pFC as a central node within associated brain networks (e.g., fronto-parietal, cingulo-opercular). In the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project, each participant is scanned while performing theoretically targeted variants of multiple well-established cognitive control tasks (Stroop, cued task-switching, AX-CPT, Sternberg working memory) in three separate imaging sessions, that each encourages utilization of different control modes plus also completes an extensive out-of-scanner individual differences battery. Additional key features of the project include a high spatio-temporal resolution (multiband) acquisition protocol and a sample that includes a substantial subset of monozygotic twin pairs and participants recruited from the Human Connectome Project. Although data collection is still continuing (target n = 200), we provide an overview of the study design and protocol, along with initial results (n = 80) revealing evidence of a domain-general neural signature of cognitive control and its modulation under reactive conditions. Aligned with Don Stuss's legacy of scientific community building, a partial data set has been publicly released, with the full data set released at project completion, so it can serve as a valuable resource.
我们描述了一项雄心勃勃的正在进行的研究，该研究受到唐·斯图斯（Don Stuss）毕生努力的强烈影响和启发。他致力于确定表征执行控制的关键认知过程，研究定义前额叶功能的潜在统一维度，并仔细关注个体差异。认知控制的双重机制项目测试了一个理论框架，该框架假定了两个关键控制维度：主动控制和反应控制。该框架的核心原则是，主动控制和反应控制模式反映了个体差异的领域通用维度，具有独特的神经特征，涉及外侧前额叶皮质作为相关脑网络（如额顶叶、扣带回-岛盖）中的一个中心节点。在认知控制的双重机制项目中，每位参与者在三个单独的成像环节中执行多个成熟认知控制任务（斯特鲁普任务、提示任务切换、AX连续性能测试、斯特恩伯格工作记忆）的理论目标变体时接受扫描，每个环节都鼓励采用不同的控制模式，此外还完成一套广泛的扫描仪外个体差异测试。该项目的其他关键特征包括高时空分辨率（多频段）采集协议以及一个样本，其中包括大量同卵双胞胎对和从人类连接组项目招募的参与者。尽管数据收集仍在继续（目标样本量为200人），但我们提供了研究设计和方案的概述，以及初步结果（样本量为80人），揭示了认知控制的领域通用神经特征及其在反应性条件下的调节证据。与唐·斯图斯在科学社区建设方面的遗产相一致，部分数据集已公开发布，完整数据集将在项目完成时发布，因此它可以成为一项宝贵的资源。
