Lindkvist Emilie Bundgaard, Thorsen Steffen Ullitz, Paulsrud Cecilie, Thingholm Peter Rønø, Eriksen Tine Louise Mundbjerg, Gaulke Amanda, Skipper Niels, Svensson Jannet
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark.
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
Diabet Med. 2022 Feb;39(2):e14673. doi: 10.1111/dme.14673. Epub 2021 Aug 30.
The objective of the study was to compare grade point averages (GPAs) on compulsory school exit exams (exam GPA) and educational attainment at age 16 and 20 for individuals with and without type 1 diabetes.
This study was a population-based retrospective cohort study, which included the 1991 to 1998 birth cohorts in Denmark. Follow-up was conducted at age 16 and 20 (follow-up period; 1 January, 2007 to 31 December, 2018). There were 2083 individuals with and 555,929 individuals without type 1 diabetes. Linear regression and generalized linear models compared outcomes with and without adjustments for socio-economic characteristics.
A total of 558,012 individuals (51% males) were followed to the age of 20. Having type 1 diabetes was associated with a lower exam GPA when adjusting for socio-economic status (difference: -0.05 (95% CI, -0.09 to -0.01), a higher relative risk of not completing compulsory school by age 16 (1.37, 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.53)), and a higher relative risk of not completing or being enrolled in upper secondary education by age 20 (1.05, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.10). Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <58 mmol/mol (7.5%), >7 BGM/day and insulin pump use were associated with better educational achievement.
Type 1 diabetes was associated with a marginally lower exam GPA and a higher risk of not completing compulsory school by age 16 and lower educational attainment by age 20. The findings were modified by HbA1c, BGM and insulin pump use.
本研究的目的是比较1型糖尿病患者和非1型糖尿病患者在义务教育毕业考试中的平均绩点（考试平均绩点）以及16岁和20岁时的教育程度。
本研究是一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究，纳入了丹麦1991年至1998年出生队列。在16岁和20岁时进行随访（随访期：2007年1月1日至2018年12月31日）。有2083例1型糖尿病患者和555929例非1型糖尿病患者。线性回归和广义线性模型比较了调整和未调整社会经济特征时的结果。
共有558012人（51%为男性）被随访至20岁。调整社会经济地位后，患有1型糖尿病与较低的考试平均绩点相关（差异：-0.05（95%CI，-0.09至-0.01）），16岁未完成义务教育的相对风险较高（1.37，95%CI，1.22至1.53），20岁未完成或未就读高中教育的相对风险较高（1.05，95%CI，1.00至1.10）。糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）<58 mmol/mol（7.5%）、每日血糖监测次数>7次以及使用胰岛素泵与更好的学业成绩相关。
1型糖尿病与略低的考试平均绩点以及16岁未完成义务教育和20岁教育程度较低的较高风险相关。糖化血红蛋白、血糖监测和胰岛素泵的使用对研究结果有影响。
