Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Oct 15;791:148389. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148389. Epub 2021 Jun 10.
The present study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate watershed sustainability with the help of an initiative barometer developed based on different dimensions of social, economic, environmental, and policy. The newly developed barometer was then applied to assess the temporal variation of sustainability for the Shazand Watershed, Iran, for four-node years of 1986, 1998, 2008, and 2016. The appropriate criteria were then adapted to calculate the study dimensions. The effect sizes of selected criteria on each dimension were also determined. Consequently, the status of each dimension and integrated watershed sustainability status were mapped for four-node years. The results indicated that study dimensions were unevenly distributed over the Shazand Watershed. So that, the social dimension had high effectiveness across different sub-watersheds, and the policy dimension had a poor situation in all study years. In addition, the respective sustainability index of 0.32, 0.32, 0.35, and 0.35 for node years of 1986, 1998, 2008, and 2016 verified a slight improvement. Overall, the proposed barometer of sustainability facilitated understanding the dimensional sustainability and comprehensive watershed sustainability and provided references for policy formulations and watershed management. Besides, the developed barometer has a high potential for evaluating sustainability for other watersheds worldwide.
本研究旨在借助基于社会、经济、环境和政策等不同维度的创新性标杆，全面评估流域的可持续性。新开发的标杆随后被应用于评估伊朗沙赞德流域在 1986 年、1998 年、2008 年和 2016 年四个节点年的可持续性时间变化。然后，采用适当的标准来计算研究维度。还确定了所选标准对每个维度的影响大小。随后，为四个节点年绘制了每个维度以及综合流域可持续性状况的地图。结果表明，研究维度在沙赞德流域的分布不均匀。因此，社会维度在不同的子流域具有较高的有效性，而政策维度在所有研究年份的情况都较差。此外，1986 年、1998 年、2008 年和 2016 年节点年的各自可持续性指数分别为 0.32、0.32、0.35 和 0.35，验证了略有改善。总体而言，所提出的可持续性标杆有助于理解维度可持续性和综合流域可持续性，并为政策制定和流域管理提供参考。此外，该标杆具有评估全球其他流域可持续性的巨大潜力。
