Topigs Norsvin Research Center B.V., P.O. Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Livestock Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.
Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Livestock Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Animal. 2021 Sep;15(9):100211. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100211. Epub 2021 Aug 17.
Providing pigs a diet that matches their nutrient requirements involves optimizing the diet based on the nutrient digestibility values of the considered feed ingredients. Feeding the same quantity of a diet to pigs with similar BW but with different requirements, however, can result in a different average daily gain (ADG) and backfat thickness (BF) between pigs. Digestibility may contribute to this variation in efficiency. We investigated variation in feed efficiency traits in grower-finisher pigs associated with variation in faecal digestibility values, independent of feed intake at the time of measuring faecal digestibility. Considered traits were ADG, average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), BF and residual feed intake (RFI). Feed intake, BW, and BF data of one hundred and sixty three-way crossbreed grower-finisher pigs (eighty female and eighty male) were collected during two phases, from day 0 of the experiment (mean BW 23 kg) till day 56 (mean BW 70 kg) and from day 56 to slaughter (mean BW 121 kg). Pigs were either fed a diet based on corn/soybean meal or a more fibrous diet based on wheat/barley/by-products, with titanium dioxide as indigestible marker. Faecal samples of one hundred and five pigs were collected on the day before slaughter and used to determine apparent faecal digestibility of DM, ash, organic matter (OM), CP, crude fat (CFat), crude fibre (CF), and to calculate the digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs) and energy (E). The effects of diet, sex and covariate feed intake at sampling (FIs) on faecal digestibility values were estimated and were significant for all except for CFat. Faecal digestibility values of each individual pig determined at the day before slaughter, corrected for diet, sex and FIs, were used to estimate their association with ADG, ADFI, FCR, BF, and RFI. In the first phase, a one percent unit increase in faecal digestibility of DM, ash, OM, E, CP, CFat, CF, NSP, and Ash individually was related to 0.01-0.03 unit reduction in FCR and 6-23 g/day reduction in RFI. A unit increase in CP digestibility was related to 0.1 mm increase in BF and 10 g/day increase in ADG. In the second phase, a one percent unit increase in faecal digestibility of DM, CP and Ash was related to a decrease of 16-20 g/day in RFI. In conclusion, the relationship between variation in feed efficiency traits and faecal digestibility values is different across the developmental stages of a pig.
为猪提供符合其营养需求的饮食需要根据考虑的饲料成分的养分消化率值来优化饮食。然而，给具有相似 BW 但需求不同的猪喂食相同数量的饮食，可能会导致猪之间的平均日增重（ADG）和背膘厚（BF）不同。消化率可能是导致这种效率差异的原因之一。我们研究了生长肥育猪的饲料效率性状的变化与粪便消化率值的变化之间的关系，而不考虑在测量粪便消化率时的饲料摄入量。考虑的性状是 ADG、平均日采食量（ADFI）、饲料转化率（FCR）、BF 和剩余饲料摄入量（RFI）。在两个阶段共收集了 163 头三交生长育肥猪（80 头母猪和 83 头公猪）的饲料摄入量、BW 和 BF 数据，从实验的第 0 天（平均 BW 23kg）到第 56 天（平均 BW 70kg）和第 56 天到屠宰（平均 BW 121kg）。猪要么喂食基于玉米/豆粕的饮食，要么喂食基于小麦/大麦/副产品的更纤维性饮食，并用二氧化钛作为不可消化的标记物。在屠宰前一天收集了 105 头猪的粪便样本，用于测定 DM、灰分、有机质（OM）、CP、粗脂肪（CFat）、粗纤维（CF）的表观粪便消化率，并计算非淀粉多糖（NSPs）和能量（E）的消化率。估计了饮食、性别和采样时饲料摄入量（FI）对粪便消化率值的影响，除了 CFat 之外，其他所有因素的影响均显著。在屠宰前一天确定的每头猪的粪便消化率值，经过饮食、性别和 FI 的校正，用于估计其与 ADG、ADFI、FCR、BF 和 RFI 的相关性。在第一阶段，粪便 DM、灰分、OM、E、CP、CFat、CF、NSP 和 Ash 的消化率每增加一个百分点，FCR 就会降低 0.01-0.03 个单位，RFI 就会降低 6-23g/天。CP 消化率增加一个单位与 BF 增加 0.1mm 和 ADG 增加 10g/天有关。在第二阶段，粪便 DM、CP 和 Ash 的消化率每增加一个百分点，RFI 就会减少 16-20g/天。总之，猪在不同的生长发育阶段，饲料效率性状的变化与粪便消化率值之间的关系是不同的。
