Institute of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
J Wildl Dis. 2021 Oct 1;57(4):891-899. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-20-00178.
In Austria, numerous deaths of wild birds of the order Passeriformes, family Fringillidae, occurred during the winter months of 2010 and 2012. The Eurasian Siskin (Carduelis spinus) was the species most often affected. The dead birds were mainly found in the immediate vicinity of feeding places. Vigilant citizens sent birds (n=34) for pathologic examination to the Institute of Pathology in Vienna, Austria. All birds were cachectic or in a very poor nutritional condition. At gross examination, the most striking findings were multifocal to confluent, yellow-white nodules in the crop or esophageal mucosa. In histologically examined birds (n=24), severe transmural fibrino-purulent to necrotizing ingluviitis or esophagitis with large amounts of intralesional bacteria was observed. Bacteriologic examination of crop, liver, or other organs from 14 birds revealed abundant growth of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium (antigenic formula 1,4,5,12:i:1,2; phage type U277) in all individuals. By means of immunohistochemistry, these bacteria were detected not only in crop mucosa but also in lung tissue. In 17 birds (71%), structures morphologically resembling Macrorhabdus ornithogaster were detected histologically on the surface of the proventricular epithelium. Thus, the cause of mass mortality of the passerine birds was identified as infection with Salmonella Typhimurium, which was associated with growth of presumed M. ornithogaster in many cases.
在奥地利，2010 年和 2012 年冬季，许多雀形目、燕雀科的野生鸟类死亡。受影响最严重的物种是欧亚红腹滨鹬。死鸟主要在喂食点附近发现。警惕的市民将鸟类（n=34）送往奥地利维也纳病理学研究所进行病理检查。所有鸟类均出现恶病质或严重营养不良。大体检查时，最显著的发现是嗉囊或食管黏膜上有多发至融合的黄白色小结节。在组织学检查的鸟类（n=24）中，观察到严重的穿透性纤维蛋白脓性至坏死性嗉囊炎或食管炎，伴有大量腔内细菌。对 14 只鸟类的嗉囊、肝脏或其他器官进行细菌学检查，发现所有个体中均有大量的肠炎沙门氏菌血清型 Typhimurium（抗原式 1,4,5,12:i:1,2；噬菌体型 U277）生长。通过免疫组织化学，这些细菌不仅在嗉囊黏膜中，而且在肺组织中均被检测到。在 17 只鸟（71%）中，在腺胃上皮表面的组织学上，形态上类似于 Macrorhabdus ornithogaster 的结构被检测到。因此，雀形目鸟类大量死亡的原因被确定为感染肠炎沙门氏菌，在许多情况下，这种感染与假定的 M. ornithogaster 的生长有关。
