Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; email:
Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 2022 Jan 27;73:1-16. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-113838. Epub 2021 Aug 24.
Prophylactic and therapeutic drugs are urgently needed to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Over the past year, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies have been developed for preventive or therapeutic uses. While neutralizing antibodies target the spike protein, their neutralization potency and breadth vary according to recognition epitopes. Several potent SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have shown degrees of success in preclinical or clinical trials, and the US Food and Drug Administration has issued emergency use authorization for two neutralizing antibody cocktails.Nevertheless, antibody therapy for SARS-CoV-2 still faces potential challenges, including emerging viral variants of concern that have antibody-escape mutations and the potential for antibody-mediated enhancement of infection or inflammation. This review summarizes representative SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies that have been reported and discusses prospects and challenges for the development of the next generation of COVID-19 preventive or therapeutic antibodies.
预防和治疗药物是抗击由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）所急需的。在过去的一年中，已经开发出针对 SARS-CoV-2 的中和抗体用于预防或治疗用途。虽然中和抗体针对刺突蛋白，但它们的中和效力和广度因识别表位而异。一些有效的 SARS-CoV-2 抗体在临床前或临床试验中取得了不同程度的成功，美国食品和药物管理局已对两种中和抗体鸡尾酒颁发了紧急使用授权。然而，SARS-CoV-2 的抗体治疗仍然面临潜在的挑战，包括具有抗体逃逸突变的新出现的令人关注的病毒变体，以及抗体介导的感染或炎症增强的潜力。本综述总结了已报道的有代表性的 SARS-CoV-2 中和抗体，并讨论了开发下一代 COVID-19 预防或治疗性抗体的前景和挑战。
