Lipids, Nutrition, and Cardiovascular Prevention Clinic of the Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Québec, Canada (M.P., S. Bernard, A.B.).
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Montreal, Québec, Canada (S. Bernard).
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2021 Oct;41(10):2632-2640. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.316106. Epub 2021 Aug 26.
Objective: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with a high risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, this risk is highly heterogeneous and current risk prediction algorithms for FH suffer from limitations. The primary objective of this study was to develop a score predicting incident ASCVD events over 10 years in a large multinational FH cohort. The secondary objective was to investigate the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality using this score. Approach and Results: We prospectively followed 3881 patients with adult heterozygous FH with no prior history of ASCVD (32 361 person-years of follow-up) from 5 registries in Europe and North America. The FH-Risk-Score incorporates 7 clinical variables: sex, age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) with a Harrell C-index for 10-year ASCVD event of 0.75, which was superior to the SAFEHEART-RE (Spanish Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cohort; 0.69). Subjects with an elevated FH-Risk-Score had decreases in 10-year ASCVD-free survival, 10-year major adverse cardiovascular event-free survival, and 30-year survival for CV mortality compared with the low-risk group, with hazard ratios of 5.52 (3.94-7.73), 4.64 (2.66-8.11), and 10.73 (2.51-45.79), respectively. The FH-Risk-Score showed a similar performance in subjects with and without an FH-causing mutation. Conclusions: The FH-Risk-Score is a stronger predictor of future ASCVD than the SAFEHEART-RE and was developed in FH subjects with no prior cardiovascular event. Furthermore, the FH-Risk-Score is the first score to predict CV death and could offer personalized cardiovascular risk assessment and treatment for patients with FH. Future studies are required to validate the FH-Risk-Score in different ethnic groups.
目的:家族性高胆固醇血症(FH)与早发动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)的风险升高相关。然而,这种风险具有高度异质性,且目前用于 FH 的风险预测算法存在局限性。本研究的主要目的是在一个大型的多国 FH 队列中开发一种预测 10 年内 ASCVD 事件的评分。次要目的是使用该评分来预测主要不良心血管事件和心血管死亡率。
方法和结果:我们前瞻性地随访了来自欧洲和北美的 5 个登记处的 3881 例无 ASCVD 既往史的成年杂合子 FH 患者(32361 人年随访)。FH-Risk-Score 纳入了 7 个临床变量:性别、年龄、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高血压、吸烟和脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)],其 10 年 ASCVD 事件的 Harrell C 指数为 0.75,优于西班牙家族性高胆固醇血症队列研究(Spanish Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cohort;0.69)。与低危组相比,FH-Risk-Score 升高的患者 10 年 ASCVD 无事件生存率、10 年主要不良心血管事件无事件生存率和 30 年心血管死亡率均降低,风险比分别为 5.52(3.94-7.73)、4.64(2.66-8.11)和 10.73(2.51-45.79)。该评分在有和无 FH 致病突变的患者中均具有相似的表现。
结论:FH-Risk-Score 是预测未来 ASCVD 的一个更强有力的指标,优于 SAFEHEART-RE,且在无心血管事件的 FH 患者中得到了验证。此外,FH-Risk-Score 是首个预测心血管死亡的评分,可为 FH 患者提供个体化心血管风险评估和治疗。未来需要在不同种族群体中验证 FH-Risk-Score。
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