Andrée De Cock, Marie Anne Eurie Forio, Niels De Troyer, Isabel Garcia Arevalo, Arne Deknock, Wout Van Echelpoel, Lenin Riascos Flores, Jasmine De Rop, Liesbeth Jacxsens, Pieter Spanoghe, Luis Dominguez Granda, Peter L M Goethals
Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Nov 15;289:117955. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117955. Epub 2021 Aug 13.
Mangroves are unique coastal ecosystems, located in tropical and subtropical regions. Yet, the functioning of these essential ecosystems is threatened by the presence of pollutants, including pesticides originating from agricultural activities. We investigated pesticide residues in the Guayas estuarine environment, since agricultural activities rapidly increased in the Guayas river basin over the past decades. A multi-residue analysis involving a selection of 88 pesticides was performed on the white meat and the hepatopancreas of the red mangrove crab (Ucides Occidentalis) at 15 sampling sites within the Guayas estuary along with water, sediment, and leaves samples. We found that 35 active compounds were present in the Guayas estuary, of which pyrimethanil was most commonly detected and had the highest concentrations in almost all compartments. Also, cadusafos was present in all studied compartments of the Guayas mangrove system and several prohibited pesticides (including carbendazim, carbofuran, and parathion) were detected. An ecotoxicological and probabilistic consumer risk assessment pointed out that current butachlor, carbendazim, and fludioxonil concentrations can cause adverse effects in aquatic organisms in the long term. Moreover, high potential acute and chronic risks of cadusafos residues on aquatic invertebrates and of diuron on algae in the Guayas wetlands were observed. Still, the exposure results indicated that the health risk for the consumers of the commercial red mangrove crab is low concerning cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, diuron, linuron, and pyrimethanil residues in crab tissues. The findings presented in this research can provide a useful basis for local water managers and environmental conservation groups to act and reduce the usage of pesticides, to avoid threatening aquatic and human health.
红树林是位于热带和亚热带地区的独特沿海生态系统。然而，这些重要生态系统的功能受到污染物的威胁，包括源自农业活动的农药。由于过去几十年瓜亚斯河流域的农业活动迅速增加，我们对瓜亚斯河口环境中的农药残留进行了调查。在瓜亚斯河口的15个采样点，对红树蟹（西方尤西斯蟹）的白肉和肝胰腺以及水、沉积物和树叶样本进行了涉及88种农药的多残留分析。我们发现瓜亚斯河口存在35种活性化合物，其中嘧霉胺最常被检测到，并且在几乎所有隔室中的浓度最高。此外，涕灭威在瓜亚斯红树林系统的所有研究隔室中都有存在，还检测到了几种禁用农药（包括多菌灵、克百威和对硫磷）。生态毒理学和概率性消费者风险评估指出，目前丁草胺、多菌灵和咯菌腈的浓度长期来看会对水生生物造成不利影响。此外，观察到瓜亚斯湿地中涕灭威残留对水生无脊椎动物以及敌草隆对藻类具有高潜在急性和慢性风险。不过，暴露结果表明，就蟹组织中的涕灭威、毒死蜱、敌草隆、利谷隆和嘧霉胺残留而言，商业红树蟹消费者的健康风险较低。本研究结果可为当地水资源管理者和环境保护组织采取行动减少农药使用提供有用依据，以避免威胁水生生物和人类健康。
