The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
Molecules. 2021 Aug 17;26(16):4979. doi: 10.3390/molecules26164979.
The higher alcohols 2-phenylethanol, tryptophol, and tyrosol are a group of yeast-derived compounds that have been shown to affect the aroma and flavour of fermented beverages. Five variants of the industrial wine strain AWRI796, previously isolated due to their elevated production of the 'rose-like aroma' compound 2-phenylethanol, were characterised during pilot-scale fermentation of a Chardonnay juice. We show that these variants not only increase the concentration of 2-phenylethanol but also modulate the formation of the higher alcohols tryptophol, tyrosol, and methionol, as well as other volatile sulfur compounds derived from methionine, highlighting the connections between yeast nitrogen and sulfur metabolism during fermentation. We also investigate the development of these compounds during wine storage, focusing on the sulfonation of tryptophol. Finally, the sensory properties of wines produced using these strains were quantified at two time points, unravelling differences produced by biologically modulating higher alcohols and the dynamic changes in wine flavour over aging.
苯乙醇、色醇和酪醇等高级醇是一组酵母衍生的化合物,已被证明会影响发酵饮料的香气和风味。先前由于其“玫瑰香”化合物苯乙醇产量升高而分离出的工业葡萄酒菌株 AWRI796 的 5 个变体,在霞多丽汁的中试规模发酵过程中进行了表征。我们表明,这些变体不仅增加了苯乙醇的浓度,还调节了色醇、酪醇和甲硫醇等高级醇以及其他源自蛋氨酸的挥发性硫化合物的形成,突出了酵母氮和硫代谢在发酵过程中的联系。我们还研究了这些化合物在葡萄酒储存过程中的发展情况,重点是色醇的磺化作用。最后,使用这些菌株生产的葡萄酒的感官特性在两个时间点进行了量化,揭示了通过生物调节高级醇和老化过程中葡萄酒风味的动态变化产生的差异。