Murillo-Solano Claribel, Ramos-Ligonio Angel, López-Monteon Aracely, Guzmán-Gómez Daniel, Torres-Montero Jesús, Herrera Claudia, Dumonteil Eric
Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico; Asociación Chagas con Ciencia y Conocimiento A.C., Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico.
Infect Genet Evol. 2021 Nov;95:105050. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105050. Epub 2021 Aug 24.
Triatoma dimidiata is the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites in Veracruz, Mexico, and its association with human housing appears variable. Also, in spite of a high seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in humans, parasite transmission remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to identify T. dimidiata blood feeding sources and its parasite and microbial diversity to reconstruct T. cruzi parasite transmission ecology in central Veracruz, Mexico, within a One Health/Ecohealth framework. We used a metabarcoding and deep sequencing approach of specific markers for the simultaneous identification of T. dimidiata haplogroup (ITS-2), vertebrate blood meals (12 s gene), T. cruzi parasites (mini-exon gene), and gut microbiota (bacterial 16 s). Twelve species of domestic/synanthropic animals and humans were identified as blood sources, with multiple feeding on 4.2 ± 0.4 hosts per bug. The feeding/parasite transmission network was strongly centered on humans, emphasizing a significant risk of infection. We also unambiguously confirmed the presence of TcI, TcII, TcV and TcVI DTUs in T. dimidiata, and sequences from Veracruz tended to cluster apart from parasites from other regions, suggesting some level of local differentiation. Analysis of T. dimidiata microbiota suggested that several bacterial families may be associated with the presence/absence of T. cruzi, and some of these associations may also be parasite DTU-specific. Such integrative approaches within the EcoHealth/One Health framework provide key insights on T. cruzi transmission and potential novel strategies for disease control.
在墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州，二点锥猎蝽是克氏锥虫寄生虫的主要传播媒介，其与人类住房的关联似乎存在差异。此外，尽管人类中克氏锥虫感染的血清阳性率很高，但寄生虫传播情况仍知之甚少。因此，我们旨在确定二点锥猎蝽的吸血来源及其寄生虫和微生物多样性，以便在“同一健康”/“生态健康”框架内重建墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州中部克氏锥虫寄生虫的传播生态。我们采用了一种针对特定标记的宏条形码和深度测序方法，同时鉴定二点锥猎蝽的单倍型类群（ITS-2）、脊椎动物血餐（12s基因）、克氏锥虫寄生虫（小外显子基因）和肠道微生物群（细菌16s）。已确定12种家养/共栖动物和人类为吸血来源，每只虫子平均吸食4.2±0.4个宿主的血。吸血/寄生虫传播网络高度以人类为中心，凸显了显著的感染风险。我们还明确证实了二点锥猎蝽中存在TcI、TcII、TcV和TcVI离散种群单元（DTU），来自韦拉克鲁斯州的序列往往与其他地区的寄生虫聚类不同，表明存在一定程度的局部分化。对二点锥猎蝽微生物群的分析表明，几个细菌家族可能与克氏锥虫的有无有关，其中一些关联也可能是寄生虫DTU特异性的。在“生态健康”/“同一健康”框架内的这种综合方法为克氏锥虫传播以及潜在的疾病控制新策略提供了关键见解。
