Veselova Svetlana, Nuzhnaya Tatyana, Burkhanova Guzel, Rumyantsev Sergey, Maksimov Igor
Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jul 31;10(8):1586. doi: 10.3390/plants10081586.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in plant immune responses. The most important virulence factors of the Berk. are multiple fungal necrotrophic effectors (NEs) (SnTox) that affect the redox-status and cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in wheat lines possessing dominant susceptibility genes (). However, the effect of NEs on ROS generation at the early stages of infection has not been studied. We studied the early stage of infection of various wheat genotypes with isolates -Sn4VD, SnB, and Sn9MN, carrying a different set of NE genes. Our results indicate that all three NEs of SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3 significantly contributed to cause disease, and the virulence of the isolates depended on their differential expression in plants ( L.). The -SnToxA, -SnTox1and -SnTox3 interactions played an important role in inhibition ROS production at the initial stage of infection. The -SnTox3 inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting NADPH-oxidases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The -SnToxA inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting peroxidases and catalase. The -SnTox1 inhibited the production of ROS in wheat by mainly affecting a peroxidase. Collectively, these results show that the inverse gene-for gene interactions between effector of pathogen and product of host sensitivity gene suppress the host's own PAMP-triggered immunity pathway, resulting in NE-triggered susceptibility (NETS). These results are fundamentally changing our understanding of the development of this economical important wheat disease.
活性氧（ROS）在植物免疫反应中起核心作用。Berk.最重要的致病因子是多种真菌坏死营养效应子（NEs）（SnTox），它们会影响氧化还原状态，并在具有显性感病基因的小麦品系中引起坏死和/或黄化。然而，NEs在感染早期对ROS产生的影响尚未得到研究。我们研究了携带不同NE基因集的分离株 -Sn4VD、SnB和Sn9MN对各种小麦基因型的早期感染情况。我们的结果表明，SnToxA、SnTox1、SnTox3的所有三种NEs都对致病有显著作用，分离株的毒力取决于它们在植物（L.）中的差异表达。-SnToxA、-SnTox1和 -SnTox3相互作用在感染初期抑制ROS产生中起重要作用。-SnTox3通过影响NADPH氧化酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶来抑制小麦中的ROS产生。-SnToxA通过影响过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶来抑制小麦中的ROS产生。-SnTox1主要通过影响一种过氧化物酶来抑制小麦中ROS的产生。总体而言，这些结果表明病原体效应子与宿主敏感性基因产物之间的反向基因对基因相互作用抑制了宿主自身的PAMP触发的免疫途径，导致NE触发的易感性（NETS）。这些结果正在从根本上改变我们对这种经济上重要的小麦病害发展的理解。
