Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2016 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Viruses. 2021 Jul 24;13(8):1443. doi: 10.3390/v13081443.
Hemorrhagic disease (HD) caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is the most important viral disease of farmed and wild white-tailed deer (WTD; ) and can cause substantial mortality in susceptible hosts. Captive cervid farming is an emerging industry in Florida, an HD-enzootic region. Morbidity and mortality due to HD are major concerns among deer farmers, but the impact of HD on Florida's cervid farming industry is unknown. Our primary objective was to determine the prevalence of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) among WTD submitted to the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Cervidae Health Research Initiative (CHeRI) for post-mortem diagnostics. Our secondary objectives were to identify the predominant circulating EHDV serotypes during each sampling year and to determine the age class with the greatest proportion of EHDV- and BTV-positive post-mortem specimens. From 2016 to 2020, spleen samples from 539 farmed WTD with unexplained mortality were tested for the presence of EHDV and BTV by RT-qPCR. Overall, the prevalence of EHDV, BTV, or EHDV/BTV coinfection was 26%, 16%, and 10%, respectively, and 44% of deer (237/539) were diagnosed with HD by RT-qPCR. The predominant circulating EHDV serotype varied by year. Overall, EHDV-2 was the most commonly identified serotype (55% of PCR-positive cases), and EHDV-1 was the least frequently identified serotype (16% of PCR-positive cases). The greatest proportion of EHDV/BTV positives among mortality cases was observed in young WTD aged 3-6 months (50%-82% positive). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of EHDV/BTV by age when comparing specimens from WTD over 1 year old ( = 0.029, = 527). Among these samples, the number of reported mortalities and the prevalence of EHDV/BTV were highest in yearling animals (56%). These data provide the first estimate of EHDV and BTV prevalence and virus serotypes among farmed WTD in Florida, identify the WTD age groups with the greatest proportions of EHDV- and BTV-positive specimens, and suggest that HD caused by these two viruses may be a major source of mortality challenging the captive cervid farming industry in Florida.
由蓝舌病病毒（BTV）和马鼻肺炎病毒（EHDV）引起的出血性疾病（HD）是养殖和野生白尾鹿（WTD）最重要的病毒性疾病，可导致易感宿主大量死亡。在佛罗里达州，圈养鹿养殖是一个新兴产业，该地区存在 HD 地方性流行。HD 给鹿农带来了发病率和死亡率方面的重大问题，但 HD 对佛罗里达州的鹿养殖产业的影响尚不清楚。我们的主要目标是确定提交给佛罗里达大学食品与农业科学鹿健康研究计划（CHeRI）进行死后诊断的 WTD 中马鼻肺炎病毒（EHDV）和蓝舌病病毒（BTV）的流行率。我们的次要目标是确定每个采样年份中循环的主要 EHDV 血清型，并确定 EHDV 和 BTV 阳性死后标本比例最大的年龄组。从 2016 年到 2020 年，对 539 只死因不明的养殖 WTD 的脾脏样本进行了 EHDV 和 BTV 的 RT-qPCR 检测。总体而言，EHDV、BTV 或 EHDV/BTV 合并感染的流行率分别为 26%、16%和 10%，44%的鹿（237/539）通过 RT-qPCR 诊断为 HD。循环的主要 EHDV 血清型因年份而异。总体而言，EHDV-2 是最常鉴定出的血清型（55%的 PCR 阳性病例），而 EHDV-1 是最少鉴定出的血清型（16%的 PCR 阳性病例）。在死亡率病例中，EHDV/BTV 阳性比例最高的是 3-6 月龄的幼鹿（50%-82%阳性）。比较 1 岁以上 WTD 的样本时，EHDV/BTV 的流行率在年龄上存在显著差异（=0.029，=527）。在这些样本中，一岁龄动物的报告死亡率和 EHDV/BTV 流行率最高（56%）。这些数据提供了佛罗里达州养殖 WTD 中 EHDV 和 BTV 流行率和病毒血清型的首次估计，确定了 EHDV 和 BTV 阳性标本比例最大的 WTD 年龄组，并表明这两种病毒引起的 HD 可能是导致佛罗里达州圈养鹿养殖业面临的主要死亡原因。
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