Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Loyola Campus SP165.41 - 7141 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2021 Dec;46(4):359-366. doi: 10.1007/s10484-021-09520-4. Epub 2021 Aug 28.
To understand the variable response to pain, researchers have examined the change in cardiovascular measures to a uniform painful stimulation. Pain catastrophizing is the tendency to magnify or exaggerate pain sensations, and it affects the outcome of rehabilitation in a clinical setting. Its effect on cardiovascular changes during a painful stimulus is unclear. Twenty-four healthy human participants completed the study. All participants completed a cold pressor test while subjective pain intensity was measured with a numeric pain scale from 0-10. Continuous cardiac output measurements were obtained with finger-pulse plethysmograph waveform analysis. The measurements included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate averaged over 30 s intervals. Pain catastrophizing and anxiety were assessed using the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventories, respectively. Peak pain was correlated to pain catastrophizing (r = 0.628, p < 0.01). There was a strong correlation between change in heart rate (HR) and subjective peak pain (r = 0.805, p < 0.01), total PCS (r = 0.474, p < 0.05), and the helplessness subscale of the PCS (r = 0.457, p < 0.05). Peak pain and catastrophizing explained a significant amount of the variance for the change in HR during the cold pressor test (R of 0.649 and 0.224 respectively, p = 0.019). These novel findings demonstrate a psycho-physiological relationship between cardiovascular changes and pain catastrophizing. Further research should include participants with subacute or persistent pain.
为了理解疼痛的可变反应，研究人员研究了心血管测量值对一致的疼痛刺激的变化。疼痛灾难化是夸大或夸大疼痛感觉的倾向，它会影响临床康复的结果。其对疼痛刺激期间心血管变化的影响尚不清楚。 24 名健康的人类参与者完成了这项研究。所有参与者在完成冷加压试验的同时，使用数字疼痛量表从 0-10 来测量主观疼痛强度。通过指脉搏体积描记波形分析获得连续的心输出量测量值。测量值包括收缩压和舒张压，以及在 30 秒间隔内的平均心率。使用疼痛灾难化量表（PCS）和 Spielberger 的状态-特质焦虑量表分别评估疼痛灾难化和焦虑。峰值疼痛与疼痛灾难化呈正相关（r=0.628，p<0.01）。心率（HR）变化与主观峰值疼痛之间存在很强的相关性（r=0.805，p<0.01），与总 PCS（r=0.474，p<0.05）和 PCS 的无助子量表（r=0.457，p<0.05）也存在很强的相关性。峰值疼痛和灾难化解释了冷加压试验期间 HR 变化的很大一部分方差（分别为 0.649 和 0.224，p=0.019）。这些新发现表明心血管变化与疼痛灾难化之间存在心理生理关系。进一步的研究应包括患有亚急性或持续性疼痛的参与者。
