Montes-Carreto Leslie M, Aguirre-Noyola José Luis, Solís-García Itzel A, Ortega Jorge, Martinez-Romero Esperanza, Guerrero José Antonio
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
PeerJ. 2021 Aug 17;9:e11942. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11942. eCollection 2021.
The volcano rabbit is the smallest lagomorph in Mexico, it is monotypic and endemic to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It is classified as endangered by Mexican legislation and as critically endangered by the IUCN, in the Red List. consumes large amounts of grasses, seedlings, shrubs, and trees. Pines and oaks contain tannins that can be toxic to the organisms which consume them. The volcano rabbit microbiota may be rich in bacteria capable of degrading fiber and phenolic compounds.
We obtained the fecal microbiome of three adults and one young rabbit collected in Coajomulco, Morelos, Mexico. Taxonomic assignments and gene annotation revealed the possible roles of different bacteria in the rabbit gut. We searched for sequences encoding tannase enzymes and enzymes associated with digestion of plant fibers such as cellulose and hemicellulose.
The most representative phyla within the Bacteria domain were: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria for the young rabbit sample (S1) and adult rabbit sample (S2), which was the only sample not confirmed by sequencing to correspond to the volcano rabbit. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were found in adult rabbit samples S3 and S4. The most abundant phylum within the Archaea domain was Euryarchaeota. The most abundant genera of the Bacteria domain were (Firmicutes) and (Proteobacteria), while predominated from the Archaea. In addition, the potential functions of metagenomic sequences were identified, which include carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. We obtained genes encoding enzymes for plant fiber degradation such as endo 1,4 -xylanases, arabinofuranosidases, endoglucanases and -glucosidases. We also found 18 bacterial tannase sequences.
火山兔是墨西哥最小的兔形目动物，它是单型的，并且是墨西哥火山带特有的物种。根据墨西哥法律，它被列为濒危物种，在国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的红色名录中被列为极度濒危物种。它消耗大量的草、幼苗、灌木和树木。松树和橡树含有单宁，可能对食用它们的生物有毒。火山兔的微生物群可能富含能够降解纤维和酚类化合物的细菌。
我们获取了在墨西哥莫雷洛斯州科阿乔穆尔科采集的三只成年兔和一只幼兔的粪便微生物群。分类学归属和基因注释揭示了不同细菌在兔肠道中的可能作用。我们搜索了编码单宁酶以及与植物纤维（如纤维素和半纤维素）消化相关的酶的序列。
细菌域中最具代表性的门是：幼兔样本（S1）和成年兔样本（S2）中的变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门，成年兔样本S2是唯一未通过测序确认对应于火山兔的样本。在成年兔样本S3和S4中发现了厚壁菌门、放线菌门和蓝细菌门。古菌域中最丰富的门是广古菌门。细菌域中最丰富的属是（厚壁菌门）和（变形菌门），而古菌域中则以属为主。此外，还确定了宏基因组序列的潜在功能，包括碳水化合物和氨基酸代谢。我们获得了编码植物纤维降解酶的基因，如内切1,4 -木聚糖酶、阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶、内切葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶。我们还发现了18个细菌单宁酶序列。
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