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用于评估横向压痕和冲击载荷的脊髓超粘弹性连续体水平有限元模型。

A Hyper-Viscoelastic Continuum-Level Finite Element Model of the Spinal Cord Assessed for Transverse Indentation and Impact Loading.

作者信息

Rycman Aleksander, McLachlin Stewart, Cronin Duane S

机构信息

Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

出版信息

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Aug 12;9:693120. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.693120. eCollection 2021.

DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2021.693120
PMID:34458242
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8387872/
Abstract

Finite Element (FE) modelling of spinal cord response to impact can provide unique insights into the neural tissue response and injury risk potential. Yet, contemporary human body models (HBMs) used to examine injury risk and prevention across a wide range of impact scenarios often lack detailed integration of the spinal cord and surrounding tissues. The integration of a spinal cord in contemporary HBMs has been limited by the need for a continuum-level model owing to the relatively large element size required to be compatible with HBM, and the requirement for model development based on published material properties and validation using relevant non-linear material data. The goals of this study were to develop and assess non-linear material model parameters for the spinal cord parenchyma and pia mater, and incorporate these models into a continuum-level model of the spinal cord with a mesh size conducive to integration in HBM. First, hyper-viscoelastic material properties based on tissue-level mechanical test data for the spinal cord and hyperelastic material properties for the pia mater were determined. Secondly, the constitutive models were integrated in a spinal cord segment FE model validated against independent experimental data representing transverse compression of the spinal cord-pia mater complex (SCP) under quasi-static indentation and dynamic impact loading. The constitutive model parameters were fit to a quasi-linear viscoelastic model with an Ogden hyperelastic function, and then verified using single element test cases corresponding to the experimental strain rates for the spinal cord (0.32-77.22 s) and pia mater (0.05 s). Validation of the spinal cord model was then performed by re-creating, in an explicit FE code, two independent experimental setups: 1) transverse indentation of a porcine spinal cord-pia mater complex and 2) dynamic transverse impact of a bovine SCP. The indentation model accurately matched the experimental results up to 60% compression of the SCP, while the impact model predicted the loading phase and the maximum deformation (within 7%) of the SCP experimental data. This study quantified the important biomechanical contribution of the pia mater tissue during spinal cord deformation. The validated material models established in this study can be implemented in computational HBM.

摘要

脊髓对撞击反应的有限元（FE）建模能够为神经组织反应和潜在损伤风险提供独特见解。然而，用于研究各种撞击场景下损伤风险与预防的当代人体模型（HBMs）往往缺乏对脊髓及周围组织的详细整合。由于需要与HBM兼容的相对较大单元尺寸，以及基于已发表材料特性进行模型开发并使用相关非线性材料数据进行验证的要求，当代HBMs中脊髓的整合受到了限制。本研究的目标是开发并评估脊髓实质和软脊膜的非线性材料模型参数，并将这些模型纳入一个连续水平的脊髓模型，其网格尺寸有利于整合到HBM中。首先，根据脊髓的组织水平力学测试数据确定了超粘弹性材料特性，以及软脊膜的超弹性材料特性。其次，将本构模型整合到一个脊髓节段有限元模型中，该模型通过代表脊髓 - 软脊膜复合体（SCP）在准静态压痕和动态冲击载荷下横向压缩的独立实验数据进行验证。本构模型参数拟合到具有奥格登超弹性函数的准线性粘弹性模型，然后使用对应于脊髓（0.32 - 77.22 s⁻¹）和软脊膜（0.05 s⁻¹）实验应变率的单单元测试案例进行验证。然后通过在显式有限元代码中重新创建两个独立的实验设置来对脊髓模型进行验证：1）猪脊髓 - 软脊膜复合体的横向压痕；2）牛SCP的动态横向冲击。压痕模型在SCP压缩达百分之六十之前准确匹配实验结果，而冲击模型预测了SCP实验数据中的加载阶段和最大变形（误差在百分之七以内）。本研究量化了软脊膜组织在脊髓变形过程中的重要生物力学贡献。本研究中建立的经过验证的材料模型可在计算人体模型中实现。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/66e96455c5c6/fbioe-09-693120-g013.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/049642949ae9/fbioe-09-693120-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/1553655a7a5a/fbioe-09-693120-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/874b0bb503af/fbioe-09-693120-g010.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/66e96455c5c6/fbioe-09-693120-g013.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/15ea8186f2c3/fbioe-09-693120-g001.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/c4713081d213/fbioe-09-693120-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/049642949ae9/fbioe-09-693120-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/1553655a7a5a/fbioe-09-693120-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/874b0bb503af/fbioe-09-693120-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/9f0935750fe4/fbioe-09-693120-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/ed787e13ee7a/fbioe-09-693120-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafa/8387872/66e96455c5c6/fbioe-09-693120-g013.jpg

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引用本文的文献

[1]
Finite element modeling of the human cervical spinal cord and its applications: A systematic review.

N Am Spine Soc J. 2023-7-27

[2]
Comparison of biomechanical parameters of two Chinese cervical spine rotation manipulations based on motion capture and finite element analysis.

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本文引用的文献

[1]
Correlating Tissue Mechanics and Spinal Cord Injury: Patient-Specific Finite Element Models of Unilateral Cervical Contusion Spinal Cord Injury in Non-Human Primates.

J Neurotrauma. 2021-3-15

[2]
Multilevel Validation of a Male Neck Finite Element Model With Active Musculature.

J Biomech Eng. 2021-1-1

[3]
Numerical investigation of the relative effect of disc bulging and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy on the mechanism of central cord syndrome.

Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2020-4

[4]
Dynamics of spinal cord compression with different patterns of thoracolumbar burst fractures: Numerical simulations using finite element modelling.

Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2020-2

[5]
Review of the UBC Porcine Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2018-9

[6]
Viscoelasticity of spinal cord and meningeal tissues.

Acta Biomater. 2018-5-28

[7]
Compressive mechanical characterization of non-human primate spinal cord white matter.

Acta Biomater. 2018-5-2

[8]
Basic biomechanics of spinal cord injury - How injuries happen in people and how animal models have informed our understanding.

Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2019-4

[9]
Engineering approaches to understanding mechanisms of spinal column injury leading to spinal cord injury.

Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2019-4

[10]
Biomechanical Simulation of Stresses and Strains Exerted on the Spinal Cord and Nerves During Scoliosis Correction Maneuvers.

Spine Deform. 2018-1

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