Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET/UNS), B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, B8000DIC, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2021 Sep;8(3):212-222. doi: 10.1007/s40572-021-00323-7. Epub 2021 Aug 30.
Plastic pollution research has experienced exponential growth in the last decade; however, Argentina concentrates more than 70% of their research in the last 4 years. This review compiles regional research on plastic pollution in water, soil, sediment, air and organisms in Argentina. It discusses current sampling, quantification, and plastics identification methodologies while analyzing levels, gaps, and opportunities.
Research in plastic pollution was mainly focused on the biosphere component (52.9%), followed by the hydrosphere component (29.4%), and finally the lithosphere component (17.7%), with less than 20% addressing multiple components simultaneously. Sixty percent of this research was focused around microplastics, and less than 20% have considered multiple plastic debris sizes. Marine coastal species from Argentina had higher levels of microplastics than organisms from other South American studies, while microfibers were identified in 100% of the freshwater organisms studied. The lowest microplastic concentrations were found in lakes and in the Paraná and La Plata rivers, while the maximum concentrations were found in Pampa´s streams. There was a lack of standardization in methodology and unit expression in studies of sediment microplastics, which hinders comparison between reports. Argentine scientists have created the national alliance called SciEnce for Plastic Impacts Argentina (SEPIA). SEPIA is a network which aims to systemize plastic pollution research, coordinate methodologies, and enhance relationships with decision-makers, NGOs, and the general public. A time gap was found between the designation of principal international multilateral agreements and the implementation of national regulations for plastic waste treatment, with a tendency to include advanced concepts as Extended Producer Responsibility and Circular Economy.
在过去的十年中，塑料污染研究呈指数级增长；然而，阿根廷将其 70%以上的研究集中在过去的 4 年里。本综述汇编了阿根廷关于水、土壤、沉积物、空气和生物体内塑料污染的区域研究。它讨论了当前的采样、量化和塑料识别方法，同时分析了水平、差距和机会。
塑料污染研究主要集中在生物圈组成部分（52.9%），其次是水圈组成部分（29.4%），最后是岩石圈组成部分（17.7%），同时考虑多个组成部分的研究不到 20%。这项研究的 60%集中在微塑料上，不到 20%的研究考虑了多种塑料碎片的大小。来自阿根廷的海洋沿海物种的微塑料含量高于其他南美研究中的生物，而在研究的 100%淡水生物中都发现了微纤维。在湖泊和拉普拉塔河和巴拉那河发现的微塑料浓度最低，而在潘帕斯河的溪流中发现的浓度最高。在沉积物微塑料的研究中，方法和单位表达缺乏标准化，这阻碍了报告之间的比较。阿根廷科学家创建了名为“科学应对塑料污染阿根廷联盟”（SEPIA）的国家联盟。SEPIA 是一个网络，旨在系统化塑料污染研究，协调方法，并加强与决策者、非政府组织和公众的关系。在指定主要的国际多边协议和实施塑料废物处理的国家法规之间存在时间差距，有将扩展生产者责任和循环经济等先进概念纳入的趋势。
