Department of Diabetes/Endocrinology/Metabolism, Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2021 Nov;22(16):2235-2249. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1974401. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
Newly developed anti-diabetic medications have had multiple activities, beyond a blood glucose-lowering effect. Current drugs for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are based on the use of gastrointestinal hormones. Representative incretin preparations, such as those with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 or gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) activity, aim to provide new means of controlling blood glucose levels, body weight, and lipid metabolism.
In this manuscript, the pathophysiology of T2DM and the activities and characteristics of novel diabetic drugs are reviewed in the context of the Japanese population. This review also highlights the need for novel medicines to overcome the accompanying challenges. Finally, the author provides the reader with their expert perspectives.
The incidence of T2DM has been increasing in the aging of Japanese society. In older people, medical development should focus on safety, easier self-administration, and the relief of caregiver burden in terms of continuous administration. In the young, the focus should be on effectiveness, with a particular emphasis on the protection of organs, increasing the ease of adherence, and safety. Novel medicines will need to push the envelope in these areas.
新开发的抗糖尿病药物具有多种作用，不仅仅具有降低血糖的作用。目前用于治疗 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的药物基于胃肠道激素的使用。有代表性的肠促胰岛素制剂，如具有胰高血糖素样肽（GLP）-1 或生长抑胃肽（GIP）活性的制剂，旨在提供控制血糖水平、体重和脂代谢的新方法。
在本文中，根据日本人群的情况，审查了 T2DM 的病理生理学以及新型糖尿病药物的作用和特点。这篇综述还强调了需要新型药物来克服伴随的挑战。最后，作者提供了他们的专家观点。
随着日本社会老龄化，T2DM 的发病率一直在增加。在老年人中，医疗发展应注重安全性、更方便的自我管理以及减轻持续给药给护理人员带来的负担。在年轻人中，重点应放在有效性上，特别要注意保护器官、提高顺应性的便利性和安全性。新型药物将需要在这些领域取得突破。
