Koketsu Yuzo, Iida Ryosuke, Piñeiro Carlos
School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Higashi-mita 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
PigCHAMP Pro Europa S.L., Calle Dámaso Alonso, 14, 40006, Segovia, Spain.
Porcine Health Manag. 2021 Aug 30;7(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s40813-021-00231-0.
Increasing preweaning piglet mortality is a concern for veterinarians and producers in relation to sow performance and piglet welfare. Our objectives were (1) to characterize pre-weaning piglet mortality risk for sows (PWM) during early (0-1 days), mid- (2-8 days) and late (9-28 days) lactation and (2) to quantify the following five factors and their interactions, parity, number of piglets born alive (PBA), number of stillborn piglets (SB), gestation length (GL) and season for PWM during the three lactation phases.
Data obtained from 264,333 parity records of 55,635 sows farrowed in 2015 and 2016 from 74 Spanish herds. Three multi-level mixed-effects logistic regression models were separately applied for PWM during three lactation phases, which was analyzed as whether or not a sow had a piglet death (i.e. probability of a sow having a piglet death) in each phase.
PWM during early, mid- and late lactation were 36.9, 27.0 and 15.4%, respectively. As PBA increased from 11 or less to 16 or more pigs, PWM during early and mid-lactation increased by 15.8 and 6.0%, respectively, but there was no increase during late lactation. Also, as GL decreased from 117-120 to 110-113 days, PWM during early, mid- and late lactation increased by 7.5, 6.8 and 1.5%, respectively. Additionally, PWM during the respective lactation phases increased by 8.3, 5.2 and 1.0%, as SB increased from 0 to 3 or more pigs. During early lactation, parity 1 sows had 2.1% lower PWM than parity 5 or higher sows, but during mid- and late lactation they had 4.2% higher PWM (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between summer and winter for PWM during early lactation (P = 0.26).
Management practices to reduce PWM need to take account of these factors, and be modified for different phases. For example, during early lactation special care should be given to piglets born to parity 5 or higher sows farrowing 16 or more PBA, having 3 or more SB or GL 110-113 days, whereas during mid- and late lactation more care should be given to piglets born to parity 1 sows with the same PBA, GL and SB conditions.
断奶前仔猪死亡率不断上升，这关乎兽医和养殖者的母猪生产性能及仔猪福利。我们的目标是：（1）描述母猪在泌乳早期（0 - 1天）、中期（2 - 8天）和晚期（9 - 28天）断奶前仔猪死亡风险（PWM）；（2）量化以下五个因素及其相互作用，即胎次、活产仔猪数（PBA）、死产仔猪数（SB）、妊娠期长度（GL）以及三个泌乳阶段的PWM季节因素。
数据来源于2015年和2016年西班牙74个猪群中55,635头母猪产仔的264,333条胎次记录。针对三个泌乳阶段的PWM分别应用三个多层次混合效应逻辑回归模型，分析每个阶段母猪是否有仔猪死亡（即母猪出现仔猪死亡的概率）。
泌乳早期、中期和晚期的PWM分别为36.9%、27.0%和15.4%。随着PBA从11头及以下增加到16头及以上，泌乳早期和中期的PWM分别增加了15.8%和6.0%，但泌乳晚期没有增加。同样，随着GL从117 - 120天减少到110 - 113天，泌乳早期、中期和晚期的PWM分别增加了7.5%、6.8%和1.5%。此外，随着SB从0头增加到3头及以上，各泌乳阶段的PWM分别增加了8.3%、5.2%和1.0%。在泌乳早期，第1胎母猪的PWM比第5胎及以上母猪低2.1%，但在泌乳中期和晚期，其PWM比第5胎及以上母猪高4.2%（P < 0.05）。然而，泌乳早期夏季和冬季的PWM没有差异（P = 0.26）。
降低PWM的管理措施需要考虑这些因素，并针对不同阶段进行调整。例如，在泌乳早期，应特别关注第5胎及以上、产16头及以上PBA、有3头及以上SB或GL为110 - 113天的母猪所产仔猪；而在泌乳中期和晚期，对于处于相同PBA、GL和SB条件下的第1胎母猪所产仔猪应给予更多关注。
