Kongpanna Panumas, Doerr John A, Jamikorn Uttra, Nilubol Dachrit
Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Agrarian Solutions, 585 Shawnee St., Nappanee, IN 46550, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Apr 22;15(9):1191. doi: 10.3390/ani15091191.
The experiment was conducted to determine the interaction effects of parity and DFM supplementation from early gestation (G 21) to lactation (L 21) on reproductive performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), colostrum IgA and IgG, and mature milk composition. Three hundred pregnant sows were blocked by parity (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6-9) and randomly assigned to two experimental diets in a randomized complete block design, with a control (CON, = 150) group and direct-fed microbial (DFM, n = 150) group. The DFM contained 5 × 10 cfu/g of and 2 × 10 cfu/g of spp. Reproductive traits recorded included total born (TB), born alive (BA), litter weight (LW), piglets born dead (PBD) weaning weight (WW), number of weaning pig (NWP), and PWM. Two separate 14 d ATTD trials were conducted on G86 to G100 and L7 to L21. Colostrum samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-partum and mature milks were collected at L7 and L14 for Ig and composition analysis, respectively. Total Ig concentrations were measured by an ELISA. The interaction between diet and parity was found on LW, colostrum IgG, milk lactose, and protein ( 0.05). Regardless of parity, sows fed DFM had greater reproductive performance with higher BA, LS, LW, and lower in PWM ( 0.05). DFM also improved the ATTD of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and ether extracts (EE) ( 0.05) at G100 and gross energy (GE), CP, and EE ( 0.05) at L21. Entire IgG and 3 h post-partum IgA in colostrum were higher in DFM than in the CON diet ( 0.05). Parity effects were seen on NWP, LW, CP, and EE, colostrum Ig at 12 and 24 post-partum, milk protein, and lactose at L7 ( 0.05). Moreover, the parity showed linear effect on TB, BA, LW, litter size (LS), WW, total PWM, the ATTD of OM and EE, colostrum IgG at 12 h and IgA at 12 and 24 h post-partum, milk fat at L7 and L21, and milk lactose at L14 ( 0.05). Stepwise prediction for average colostrum IgG (mg/mL) by using nutrient digestibility = -112.97 + 0.706GE(%) + 0.518CP(%) + 0.267EE(%) ( = 267, R = 0.38, RSD = 6.7, 0.001). In summary, supplementing dietary DFM during early gestation through weaning had positive effects on production, the lifetime of sows, and better nutrient utilization, resulting in better milk quality and better piglet growth.
本试验旨在确定从妊娠早期（第21天）至哺乳期（第21天）胎次与直接投喂微生物（DFM）对繁殖性能、表观全肠道消化率（ATTD）、初乳IgA和IgG以及成熟乳成分的交互作用。300头妊娠母猪按胎次（2、3、4、5和6 - 9胎）进行分组，并采用随机完全区组设计随机分配到两种试验日粮中，分为对照组（CON，n = 150）和直接投喂微生物组（DFM，n = 150）。DFM含有5×10 cfu/g的 和2×10 cfu/g的 菌属。记录的繁殖性状包括总产仔数（TB）、活产仔数（BA）、窝重（LW）、死胎数（PBD）、断奶重（WW）、断奶仔猪数（NWP）和仔猪成活率（PWM）。在妊娠第86天至第100天和哺乳期第7天至第21天分别进行了两个为期14天的ATTD试验。产后0、3、6、12和24小时采集初乳样本，在哺乳期第7天和第14天分别采集成熟乳样本进行Ig和成分分析。总Ig浓度通过ELISA法测定。发现日粮与胎次在窝重、初乳IgG、乳中乳糖和蛋白质方面存在交互作用（P < 0.05）。无论胎次如何，饲喂DFM的母猪繁殖性能更好，活产仔数、窝仔猪数、窝重更高，仔猪成活率更低（P < 0.05）。DFM还提高了妊娠第100天有机物（OM）、粗蛋白（CP）和乙醚提取物（EE）的ATTD（P < 0.05）以及哺乳期第21天总能（GE）、CP和EE的ATTD（P < 0.05）。DFM组初乳中总IgG和产后3小时的IgA高于对照组日粮（P < 0.05）。胎次对断奶仔猪数、窝重、CP和EE、产后12和24小时的初乳Ig、哺乳期第7天的乳蛋白和乳糖有影响（P < 0.05）。此外，胎次对总产仔数、活产仔数、窝重、窝产仔数、断奶重、总仔猪成活率、OM和EE的ATTD、产后12小时的初乳IgG以及产后12和24小时的IgA、哺乳期第7天和第21天的乳脂肪以及哺乳期第14天的乳乳糖呈线性影响（P < 0.05）。利用营养物质消化率对初乳平均IgG（mg/mL）进行逐步预测：=-112.97 + 0.706GE（%）+ 0.518CP（%）+ 0.267EE（%）（n = 267，R = 0.38，RSD = 6.7，P < 0.001）。总之，从妊娠早期到断奶期间在日粮中添加DFM对生产、母猪寿命和更好的养分利用有积极影响，从而提高了乳品质和仔猪生长性能。
