State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 1;802:149736. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149736. Epub 2021 Aug 19.
Microplastics (MPs) have been found in the natural environment and even in the organs of fish, which is attracting worldwide attention. In this study, agricultural film was milled to simulate secondary polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) to evaluate their effect and toxicity on the growth, liver damage, and gut microbiome composition of crucian (Carassius carassius), a common freshwater fish, after 30 days of feed exposure. Three fish feed treatments with different PE-MPs concentrations, low, medium, and high, whose PE-MPs intake was 6.38, 12.18, and 22.33 mg MPs/fish/day, respectively, were used. The results indicated that crucian growth was promoted in the low and medium PE-MPs groups due to the increase in Firmicutes and decrease in Bacteroidetes, probably resulting in obesity and lipid accumulation, while the growth rate of crucians in the high PE-MPs group showed a clear downward trend. Severe liver damage was observed in PE-MPs-treated groups. Disordered liver tissue and necrosis of pancreatic acinar epithelial cells were observed in the medium and high PE-MPs groups compared with those of the control group. The gut microbiome composition of crucians showed significant alteration, and some harmful bacteria were found in the gut following PE-MPs exposure. Alpha diversity indices revealed that the diversity of the gut microbiome rose markedly in the low, medium, and high PE-MPs groups. This study suggests that MPs adversely affect crucian growth and health, with increased disease risk.
微塑料（MPs）已在自然环境中被发现，甚至在鱼类的器官中也被发现，这引起了全球的关注。在这项研究中，农业薄膜被研磨以模拟二次聚乙烯微塑料（PE-MPs），以评估其对鲫鱼（Carassius carassius）生长、肝脏损伤和肠道微生物群落组成的影响和毒性，鲫鱼是一种常见的淡水鱼，经过 30 天的饲料暴露。使用了三种不同 PE-MPs 浓度的鱼饲料处理，低、中、高浓度组的 PE-MPs 摄入量分别为 6.38、12.18 和 22.33mg MPs/鱼/天。结果表明，由于厚壁菌门的增加和拟杆菌门的减少，低浓度和中浓度 PE-MPs 组的鲫鱼生长得到促进，可能导致肥胖和脂肪积累，而高浓度 PE-MPs 组的鲫鱼生长速度则呈现明显的下降趋势。PE-MPs 处理组观察到严重的肝脏损伤。与对照组相比，中浓度和高浓度 PE-MPs 组的肝脏组织紊乱和胰腺腺泡上皮细胞坏死。鲫鱼的肠道微生物群落组成发生了显著改变，暴露于 PE-MPs 后肠道中发现了一些有害细菌。Alpha 多样性指数显示，低浓度、中浓度和高浓度 PE-MPs 组的肠道微生物群落多样性显著增加。本研究表明， MPs 对鲫鱼的生长和健康产生不利影响，增加了患病风险。
