Schenk-Jäger Katharina, Gessler Mirjam, Weiler Stefan
Tox Info Suisse, Nationale Beratungsstelle für Vergiftungen, Assoziiertes Institut der Universität Zürich, Zürich.
Verband Schweizerischer Vereine für Pilzkunde VSVP, Niederurnen.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 2021 Sep;110(11):619-620. doi: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003716.
CME/Answers: Mushroom Poisoning in the Family Practice In the general medical practice, it is not trivial to distinguish between banal intolerances after consumption of edible mushrooms and the initial symptoms of poisoning with potentially fatal outcome. Nevertheless, there are some criteria that can be used as clinical guidance: A latency of six hours or more between the consumption of gilled mushrooms that have not been checked by experts and the onset of mostly severe vomiting and diarrhea is indicative of poisoning with amatoxins, the toxins i.e. in death caps (Amanita phalloides). Although the therapeutic options are controversial, prompt antidotal treatment with silibinin has proven to be effective.
继续医学教育/答案：家庭医疗中的蘑菇中毒 在普通医疗实践中，区分食用可食用蘑菇后的普通不耐受反应与可能导致致命后果的中毒初始症状并非易事。然而，有一些标准可作为临床指导：食用未经专家检查的有菌褶蘑菇后6小时或更长时间的潜伏期，随后出现大多为严重的呕吐和腹泻，这表明是由鹅膏毒素中毒所致，鹅膏毒素即存在于毒蝇伞（毒鹅膏菌）中的毒素。尽管治疗方案存在争议，但已证明使用水飞蓟宾进行及时的解毒治疗是有效的。
