Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2021 Nov;169:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.08.005. Epub 2021 Sep 2.
Detecting transient changes in heart rate and heart rate variability during experimental simulated autonomous driving scenarios can indicate participant arousal and cognitive load, providing valuable insights into the relationship between human and vehicle autonomy. Successfully detecting such parameters unobtrusively may assist these experimental situations as well as naturalistic driver monitoring systems within an autonomous vehicle. However, non-contact sensors must collect reliable and accurate signals. This study aims to compare the in-seat, non-contact Plessey EPIC sensor to the gold standard, contact Biopac sensor. Thirty participants took part in five-minute simulated autonomous vehicle journeys in a city environment and a rural environment, and a five-minute resting condition. To ensure the seat sensor was sensitive to elevated heart rate values, heart rate was also collected following the energetic Harvard Step Test. Lin concordance coefficients and Bland-Altman analyses were employed to assess the level of agreement between the non-contact Plessey EPIC sensor and the contact Biopac sensor for heart rate and heart rate variability. Analyses revealed a high level of agreement (r > 0.96) between both sensors for one-minute averaged heart rate and five-minute averaged heart rate variability during simulated autonomous driving and rest, and one-minute averaged heart rate following the Harvard Step Test. In addition, the non-contact sensor was sensitive to significant differences during tasks. This proof of principle study demonstrates the feasibility of using the non-contact Plessey EPIC sensor to accurately detect heart rate and heart rate variability during simulated autonomous driving environments.
在实验模拟自动驾驶场景中检测心率和心率变异性的瞬时变化可以指示参与者的觉醒和认知负荷，为研究人类与车辆自主性之间的关系提供有价值的见解。成功地以非侵入性方式检测到这些参数可以为这些实验情况以及自动驾驶车辆中的自然驾驶监测系统提供帮助。然而，非接触式传感器必须收集可靠和准确的信号。本研究旨在比较座位内的非接触式 Plessey EPIC 传感器与金标准接触式 Biopac 传感器。30 名参与者参与了城市环境和农村环境的五分钟模拟自动驾驶旅程以及五分钟休息状态。为了确保座位传感器对升高的心率值敏感，还在进行能量充沛的哈佛台阶测试后收集心率。采用林一致性系数和 Bland-Altman 分析评估非接触式 Plessey EPIC 传感器和接触式 Biopac 传感器在模拟自动驾驶和休息时以及哈佛台阶测试后一分钟平均心率和五分钟平均心率变异性的心率之间的一致性水平。分析结果表明，两种传感器在模拟自动驾驶和休息以及哈佛台阶测试后一分钟平均心率方面具有高度一致性（r>0.96）。此外，非接触式传感器对任务期间的显著差异敏感。这项原理验证研究表明，使用非接触式 Plessey EPIC 传感器在模拟自动驾驶环境中准确检测心率和心率变异性是可行的。
