Rodríguez-Ruiz Gonzalo, Recio Pablo, López Pilar, Martín José
Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC Madrid, Spain.
Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC Madrid, Spain.
Behav Processes. 2021 Nov;192:104494. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104494. Epub 2021 Sep 2.
Foraging strategies aim to maximize the amount of food obtained while minimizing searching costs. To reduce these costs, animals use different strategies based on the use of personal or social information to exploit food patches. At the same time, the social attraction for food resources could increase competition intensity for them. Prior experiences of animals regarding social risk and the foreknowledge of the competitors might drive the foraging strategies. In this paper, we examined experimentally whether rock lizards used behavioural strategies to reduce the risks of foraging in presence of potential competitors. We measured the foraging behaviour of a lizard resident to a territory (i.e. terrarium), in the presence of both familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics (potential competitors). We considered whether foraging choices between two food sources of different value (i.e. quantity) are influenced by familiarity with the intruder and the evaluation of its competitive ability based on body size differences between lizards. We found differences in the number of attacks performed to the best food source, with more attacks when the intruder was unfamiliar. The results suggest evidence of both dear enemy recognition and current rival assessment modulate the foraging choices depending on the identity and the social relationship with the intruder.
觅食策略旨在在将搜索成本降至最低的同时，使获取的食物量最大化。为了降低这些成本，动物会根据利用个人信息或社会信息来开发食物斑块的情况，采用不同的策略。与此同时，对食物资源的社会吸引力可能会增加对这些资源的竞争强度。动物先前关于社会风险的经历以及对竞争对手的预知可能会驱动觅食策略。在本文中，我们通过实验研究了岩蜥是否会采用行为策略来降低在有潜在竞争对手的情况下觅食的风险。我们测量了领地（即饲养箱）内一只常驻蜥蜴在有熟悉和不熟悉的同种个体（潜在竞争对手）在场时的觅食行为。我们考虑了在两种不同价值（即数量）的食物来源之间的觅食选择是否会受到对入侵者的熟悉程度以及基于蜥蜴体型差异对其竞争能力的评估的影响。我们发现对最佳食物来源发动攻击的次数存在差异，当入侵者不熟悉时攻击次数更多。结果表明，既存在对熟悉敌人的识别，也存在当前对手评估，这两者会根据与入侵者的身份和社会关系来调节觅食选择。
