Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
Oecologia. 2021 Oct;197(2):501-509. doi: 10.1007/s00442-021-05031-5. Epub 2021 Sep 5.
Migration can modify interaction dynamics between parasites and their hosts with migrant hosts able to disperse parasites and impact local community transmission. Thus, studying the relationships among migratory hosts and their parasites is fundamental to elucidate how migration shapes host-parasite interactions. Avian haemosporidians are some of the most prevalent and diverse group of wildlife parasites and are also widely studied as models in ecological and evolutionary research. Here, we contrast partner fidelity, network centrality and parasite taxonomic composition among resident and non-resident avian hosts using presence/absence data on haemosporidians parasitic in South American birds as study model. We ran multilevel Bayesian models to assess the role of migration in determining partner fidelity (i.e., normalized degree) and centrality (i.e., weighted closeness) in host-parasite networks of avian hosts and their respective haemosporidian parasites. In addition, to evaluate parasite taxonomic composition, we performed permutational multivariate analyses of variance to quantify dissimilarity in haemosporidian lineages infecting different host migratory categories. We observed similar partner fidelity and parasite taxonomic composition among resident and migratory hosts. Conversely, we demonstrate that migratory hosts play a more central role in host-parasite networks than residents. However, when evaluating partially and fully migratory hosts separately, we observed that only partially migratory species presented higher network centrality when compared to resident birds. Therefore, migration does not lead to differences in both partner fidelity and parasite taxonomic composition. However, migratory behavior is positively associated with network centrality, indicating migratory hosts play more important roles in shaping host-parasite interactions and influence local transmission.
迁徙可以改变寄生虫与其宿主之间的相互作用动态，因为迁徙的宿主能够传播寄生虫并影响当地社区的传播。因此，研究迁徙宿主与其寄生虫之间的关系对于阐明迁徙如何塑造宿主-寄生虫相互作用至关重要。禽血孢子虫是野生动物寄生虫中最普遍和最多样化的群体之一，也是生态和进化研究中的广泛研究模型。在这里，我们使用南美的鸟类寄生的血孢子虫的存在/缺失数据作为研究模型，对比了居留和非居留鸟类宿主之间的伴侣保真度、网络中心性和寄生虫分类组成。我们运行了多层次贝叶斯模型，以评估迁徙在确定宿主-寄生虫网络中伴侣保真度（即归一化度）和中心性（即加权接近度）方面的作用。此外，为了评估寄生虫分类组成，我们进行了置换多元方差分析，以量化感染不同宿主迁徙类别的血孢子虫谱系的差异。我们观察到居留和迁徙宿主之间具有相似的伴侣保真度和寄生虫分类组成。相反，我们证明迁徙宿主在宿主-寄生虫网络中比居留宿主发挥更中心的作用。然而，当分别评估部分和完全迁徙的宿主时，我们观察到只有部分迁徙物种的网络中心性比居留鸟类更高。因此，迁徙不会导致伴侣保真度和寄生虫分类组成的差异。然而，迁徙行为与网络中心性呈正相关，这表明迁徙宿主在塑造宿主-寄生虫相互作用和影响当地传播方面发挥着更重要的作用。
