Trujanovic Robert, Verdier Natali, Calice Ivana, Knecht Christian, Otero Pablo E
Anesthesia and Perioperative Intensive Care Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Lab Anim. 2022 Apr;56(2):165-171. doi: 10.1177/00236772211036286. Epub 2021 Sep 6.
Effective multimodal analgesia techniques are required when pigs are used as models in orthopedic human research. Regional anesthesia is a widely used technique to provide perioperative analgesia in animals undergoing orthopedic surgery. The brachial plexus (BP) block is indicated to desensitize the forelimb in many species but has not been yet described in pigs. The main aims of this study were to develop an ultrasound-guided axillary approach for the BP and to evaluate injectate spread and nerve staining in pig cadavers. Eight fresh F1 cross breed German Large White and German Landrace male pig cadavers were enrolled. Two cadavers were used for anatomical dissection of the axillary space and to determine the disposition of the BP. Six cadavers were used to perform a bilateral axillary ultrasound-guided approach for the BP, and after injecting 0.3 ml/kg of a solution of 2% lidocaine and new methylene blue (L-NMB), these were dissected to determine injectate spread and nerve staining. Upon dissection, the BP was observed in all the cases surrounded by the axillary sheath and in close proximity to the axillary artery. Ultrasonographic scanning and guidance for the approach to the BP was feasible in all cadavers and upon dissection, all the nerves forming the BP were stained in all their quadrants and in all the cases. In conclusion, the injection of 0.3 ml/kg of L-NMB through an ultrasound-guided axillary approach to the BP was feasible and adequate to entirely stain the BP in all pig cadavers. Further clinical studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique in live animals.
在将猪用作人体骨科研究模型时，需要有效的多模式镇痛技术。区域麻醉是一种广泛应用于骨科手术动物围手术期镇痛的技术。臂丛神经（BP）阻滞适用于许多物种的前肢脱敏，但尚未在猪身上进行描述。本研究的主要目的是开发一种超声引导下的腋窝入路用于臂丛神经阻滞，并评估猪尸体中的注射液扩散和神经染色情况。纳入了八只新鲜的F1杂交德国大白猪和德国长白猪雄性猪尸体。两只尸体用于腋窝间隙的解剖和确定臂丛神经的位置。六只尸体用于进行双侧超声引导下的臂丛神经腋窝入路，在注射0.3 ml/kg的2%利多卡因和新亚甲蓝（L-NMB）溶液后，对其进行解剖以确定注射液扩散和神经染色情况。解剖时，在所有病例中均观察到臂丛神经被腋鞘包围且紧邻腋动脉。在所有尸体中，超声扫描和引导用于臂丛神经入路是可行的，解剖时，构成臂丛神经的所有神经在其所有象限和所有病例中均被染色。总之，通过超声引导的腋窝入路向臂丛神经注射0.3 ml/kg的L-NMB是可行的，并且足以在所有猪尸体中完全染色臂丛神经。需要进一步的临床研究来评估该技术在活体动物中的有效性。
