Worthington Everett L, van Zyl Llewellyn E
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 13;12:707598. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707598. eCollection 2021.
Positive psychology has accumulated a large and ever-growing body of scientific knowledge about human strengths and virtues. However, research on positive psychology interventions (PPIs) to develop such is still in its infancy. In this brief position paper, we summarize the status of PPIs in one of the positive psychology's most important virtues: temperance. Temperance refers to the capacity to manage habits and protect against excess and is composed of forgiveness, humility, and (we include) patience. Specifically, we examine the current state-of-the-science in the conceptualization of temperance, explore the efficacy of temperance interventions, and reflect upon what the future may hold in this research domain. In this paper, we first highlight the challenges and opportunities for expanding the theoretical conceptualization of temperance and reflect upon the challenges in temperance-related PPIs. For each aspect of temperance, we propose a specific research agenda. Second, we explore what is needed for PPIs to promote temperance and how growth in temperance intervention research can be fostered. Generally, while forgiveness interventions are well established, we recommended that both humility and patience interventions need more viable evidence-based research on existing and new interventions. Third, we advanced several recommendations regarding how to promote more research in new interventions. These recommendations included attracting more funders to the area, developing new interventions, and employing new technology. Because intervention research in temperance is in its infancy, the future looks rosy for PPI researchers as we move into a second generation of positive psychology research.
积极心理学已经积累了大量且不断增长的关于人类优势和美德的科学知识。然而，关于开发此类优势和美德的积极心理学干预措施（PPI）的研究仍处于起步阶段。在这篇简短的立场文件中，我们总结了PPI在积极心理学最重要的美德之一：节制方面的现状。节制是指管理习惯并防止过度行为的能力，它由宽恕、谦逊以及（我们纳入的）耐心组成。具体而言，我们审视了节制概念化的当前科学现状，探究了节制干预措施的功效，并思考了该研究领域的未来发展方向。在本文中，我们首先强调了扩展节制理论概念化的挑战与机遇，并反思了与节制相关的PPI中的挑战。针对节制的每个方面，我们提出了具体的研究议程。其次，我们探讨了促进节制的PPI所需的条件以及如何推动节制干预研究的发展。总体而言，虽然宽恕干预措施已较为成熟，但我们建议谦逊和耐心干预措施都需要对现有及新干预措施开展更可行的循证研究。第三，我们就如何推动新干预措施的更多研究提出了若干建议。这些建议包括吸引更多资助者关注该领域、开发新干预措施以及采用新技术。由于节制方面的干预研究尚处于起步阶段，随着我们迈入第二代积极心理学研究，PPI研究人员的未来前景一片光明。
