School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Jan;122(1):38-48.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.07.014. Epub 2021 Sep 4.
Front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labeling systems differ in how they rate food and beverage products. There is a need to examine the implications of these differences, including their focus on nutrients of public health concern.
Our aim was to examine the impacts of 4 common FOP labels on consumers' purchases of products that received conflicting ratings across FOP systems.
In an experimental marketplace, participants were randomized to complete a series of purchases under 1 of 5 FOP conditions: no label, "high in" nutrient labels, multiple traffic light, Health Star Rating, or a 5-color nutrition grade.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: A final sample of 3,584 Canadians (13 years and older) were recruited from shopping centers in March to May 2018.
Probability of purchasing was assessed for 5 product categories (100% fruit juice, plain milk, chocolate milk, cheese snacks, and diet beverages), which received conflicting ratings across the FOP conditions.
Separate generalized linear mixed models estimated the influence of FOP condition on 5 binary outcomes (1 = purchased, 0 = not purchased) corresponding to the product categories.
Few differences were observed among the full sample. Among participants who noticed the labels (n = 1,993), those in the Health Star Rating condition were 4.5 percentage points (95% CI -7.0 to -1.9) more likely to purchase 100% fruit juice (compared to multiple traffic light) and 3.3 (95% CI 0.4 to 6.2) and 3.0 percentage points (95% CI 0.1 to 6.1) more likely to purchase cheese snacks (compared to no label and "high in"). "High in" labels produced fewer purchases of chocolate milk than no label.
Despite some similarities, existing FOP systems differ in the extent to which they promote or dissuade purchases of common product categories. Although the Health Star Rating might encourage purchases of products with certain positive nutritional attributes, "high in" and multiple traffic light systems might more effectively discourage purchases of products contributing nutrients of public health concern.
不同的包装正面标签（FOP）营养标签系统在评定食品和饮料产品方面存在差异。有必要研究这些差异的影响，包括它们对公众关注的营养物质的重视程度。
我们的目的是研究 4 种常见的 FOP 标签对消费者购买在不同 FOP 系统中获得不同评级的产品的影响。
在一个实验性市场中，参与者被随机分配到 5 种 FOP 条件下的一系列购买中：无标签、“富含”营养标签、多个红绿灯、健康星级评级或 5 色营养等级。
参与者/设置： 2018 年 3 月至 5 月，从购物中心招募了最终样本 3584 名加拿大成年人（13 岁及以上）。
评估了 5 种产品类别（100%纯果汁、普通牛奶、巧克力牛奶、奶酪零食和低糖饮料）的购买概率，这些产品在 FOP 条件下获得了相互矛盾的评级。
单独的广义线性混合模型估计了 FOP 条件对 5 个二进制结果（1=购买，0=未购买）的影响，这些结果对应于产品类别。
在全样本中观察到的差异很小。在注意到标签的参与者中（n=1993），健康星级评级条件下购买 100%纯果汁的可能性比多个红绿灯条件下高 4.5 个百分点（95%置信区间-7.0 至-1.9），购买奶酪零食的可能性比无标签和“富含”条件下高 3.3（95%置信区间 0.4 至 6.2）和 3.0 个百分点（95%置信区间 0.1 至 6.1）。“富含”标签导致购买巧克力牛奶的数量比无标签少。
尽管存在一些相似之处，但现有的 FOP 系统在促进或劝阻购买常见产品类别的程度上存在差异。虽然健康星级评级可能鼓励购买具有某些积极营养属性的产品，但“富含”和多个红绿灯系统可能更有效地劝阻购买对公众健康关注的营养物质有贡献的产品。
