Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
J Dermatol Sci. 2021 Oct;104(1):2-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.08.008. Epub 2021 Aug 31.
More than 100 years have passed since Elie Metchnikoff discovered macrophage. Over the recent decade, attracting information about macrophage polarization have been reported. This is because many molecules have been identified as markers of macrophage polarization. Additionally, mechanistic insights have been demonstrated by experiments with various stimuli-induced macrophage polarization. Historically and simply, macrophages are divided into M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated). However, some of them are not specific yet. Studies in the field of cardiology revealed the plasticity of macrophages and their subsets are divided into details: Mhem, MHb, Mox and M4 macrophages. M2 macrophages were further divided in M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d. There appears to be more phenotypes of macrophages. However, there still lack studies in dermatological field. This review summarizes the spectrum of macrophage activation and finding about various roles of macrophages in the dermatological field.
自伊莱·梅契尼科夫发现巨噬细胞以来，已经过去了 100 多年。在最近的十年中，关于巨噬细胞极化的吸引信息已经被报道。这是因为已经鉴定出许多分子作为巨噬细胞极化的标记物。此外，通过各种刺激诱导的巨噬细胞极化实验，已经证明了其机制见解。从历史和简单的角度来看，巨噬细胞分为 M1（经典激活）和 M2（替代激活）。然而，其中一些并不具有特异性。心脏病学领域的研究揭示了巨噬细胞及其亚群的可塑性，并将其详细分为：Mhem、MHb、Mox 和 M4 巨噬细胞。M2 巨噬细胞进一步分为 M2a、M2b、M2c 和 M2d。似乎有更多的巨噬细胞表型。然而，在皮肤科领域仍然缺乏研究。这篇综述总结了巨噬细胞激活的范围以及在皮肤科领域中各种巨噬细胞的作用。
