Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2024;74:341-364. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_14.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) was first identified in 1882 by Robert Koch, and it is estimated that this pathogen has been around for as long as 3 million years.The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that in 2022 alone an estimated 10.6 million people developed TB worldwide, making TB the world's second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, just after coronavirus disease (COVID-19), despite TB being a preventable and usually curable disease.Moreover, epidemiological studies suggest that approximately a quarter of the global population has been infected with TB bacteria, of which 5-10% will eventually develop symptoms and TB disease. Poverty, obesity, diabetes, and alcohol use contribute to the burden of TB.Alveolar macrophages play a pivotal role in the clearance of airborne pathogenic microorganisms and are the primary target of M. tuberculosis.Macrophage activity depend on metabolism and circadian rhythmicity, and mitochondria are a central hub that coordinates the communication between metabolism, circadian rhythmicity, and the immune system.Recent evidence has thrown light on how M. tuberculosis metabolism may regulate macrophage activity and the overall host responses to M. tuberculosis infection.This chapter explores how all these biological domains relate to each other, highlighting the multidimensional nature of TB, and positioning macrophages at center stage.
结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis），俗称结核杆菌，是导致肺结核（TB）的病原体，于 1882 年由罗伯特·科赫（Robert Koch）首次发现。据估计，这种病原体已经存在了长达 300 万年。世界卫生组织（WHO）报告称，仅在 2022 年，全球就有估计 1060 万人患上了结核病，使其成为仅次于冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的全球第二大致死传染病病原体，尽管结核病是一种可预防且通常可治愈的疾病。此外，流行病学研究表明，全球约有四分之一的人口感染了结核分枝杆菌，其中 5-10%最终会出现症状并发展为结核病。贫困、肥胖、糖尿病和饮酒等因素加重了结核病的负担。肺泡巨噬细胞在清除空气中的致病微生物方面发挥着关键作用，是结核分枝杆菌的主要靶细胞。巨噬细胞的活性依赖于代谢和昼夜节律，而线粒体是协调代谢、昼夜节律和免疫系统之间通讯的核心枢纽。最近的证据揭示了结核分枝杆菌代谢如何调节巨噬细胞活性以及宿主对结核分枝杆菌感染的整体反应。本章探讨了所有这些生物学领域如何相互关联，强调了结核病的多维性质，并将巨噬细胞置于中心位置。
