膳食蛋白质摄入量与美国中年成年人四肢瘦体重和握力呈正相关。
Dietary Protein Intake Is Positively Associated with Appendicular Lean Mass and Handgrip Strength among Middle-Aged US Adults.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD, USA.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2021 Dec 3;151(12):3755-3763. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab288.
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, can begin in the 4th decade of life. Protein intake predicts skeletal muscle mass and strength among older adults, but knowledge of similar associations among middle-aged adults is lacking.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess associations between protein intake and skeletal muscle mass, characterized by appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI [in kg/m2 (ALMBMI)], and muscle strength, represented by handgrip strength adjusted for BMI (GSMAXBMI), among middle-aged adults.
METHODS
We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1209 men and 1208 women aged 40-59 y in the 2011-2014 NHANES. Protein intake per kilogram actual body weight (BW), assessed by two 24-h recalls, was examined as continuous and categorical parameters [low (<RDA, 0.8 g/kg BW), moderate (≥RDA, <1.2 g/kg BW), and high (≥1.2 g/kg BW)]. ALM was measured using DXA, and GSMAX was measured using handgrip dynamometer. "Low lean mass" and "weakness" were defined using NIH criteria for ALMBMI and GSMAXBMI, respectively. Linear and logistic regression models were performed.
RESULTS
Among middle-aged adults, 15.6% of men and 13.4% of women had low lean mass and 3.5% of men and 2.3% of women exhibited weakness. Protein intakes per kilogram BW were positively associated with ALMBMI and GSMAXBMI among men and women after adjustment for age, race/Hispanic origin, physical activity, and self-rated health. Compared with the moderate protein group, the high protein group had a higher GSMAXBMI and the low protein group had a lower GSMAXBMI among men and women. The low protein group had a lower ALMBMI (women) and had a higher OR for low lean mass (men) compared with the moderate protein group.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher protein intakes were associated with greater ALMBMI and GSMAXBMI in this representative sample of US middle-aged adults. Our findings highlight the need for further research on dietary protein as a potential modifying factor of sarcopenia risk in middle age.
背景
肌少症是一种骨骼肌质量和力量进行性丧失的疾病，它可能始于人生的第四个十年。蛋白质摄入量可以预测老年人的骨骼肌质量和力量，但对中年人相似的关联知之甚少。
目的
我们旨在评估蛋白质摄入量与骨骼肌质量的关系，骨骼肌质量通过调整 BMI 的四肢瘦体重[kg/m2（ALMBMI）]来衡量，以及肌肉力量，通过调整 BMI 的握力[GSMAXBMI]来衡量，这些关系在中年人中是否存在。
方法
我们分析了 2011-2014 年 NHANES 中 1209 名男性和 1208 名女性（年龄 40-59 岁）的横断面数据。通过两次 24 小时回顾法评估每公斤实际体重（BW）的蛋白质摄入量，将其作为连续和分类参数进行研究[低（<RDA，0.8 g/kg BW）、中（≥RDA，<1.2 g/kg BW）和高（≥1.2 g/kg BW）]。使用 DXA 测量 ALM，使用握力计测量 GSMAX。分别使用 NIH 标准定义 ALMBMI 和 GSMAXBMI 的“低瘦体重”和“虚弱”。进行线性和逻辑回归模型。
结果
在中年人群中，15.6%的男性和 13.4%的女性存在低瘦体重，3.5%的男性和 2.3%的女性存在虚弱。调整年龄、种族/西班牙裔、身体活动和自我报告健康状况后，男性和女性的蛋白质摄入量与 BW 每公斤的 ALMBMI 和 GSMAXBMI 呈正相关。与中蛋白组相比，高蛋白组的 GSMAXBMI 更高，男性和女性的低蛋白组的 GSMAXBMI 更低。与中蛋白组相比，低蛋白组的 ALMBMI 较低（女性），且男性低蛋白组发生低瘦体重的 OR 较高。
结论
在这个有代表性的美国中年人群体样本中，较高的蛋白质摄入量与更大的 ALMBMI 和 GSMAXBMI 相关。我们的研究结果强调了需要进一步研究膳食蛋白质作为中年肌少症风险的潜在调节因素。
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