Yonemura Yuji
Kumamoto Red Cross Blood Center.
Rinsho Ketsueki. 2021;62(8):1296-1301. doi: 10.11406/rinketsu.62.1296.
Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections are well-known infectious diseases caused by blood products, but recently there have been almost no reports. In 2011, hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody test was covered by insurance in Japan, and certain numbers of transfusion-transmitted HEV were reported, and five cases were recognized in 2019. As the Japanese Red Cross has started to examine individual NAT of HEV for all blood donors since August 2020, and the number of transfusion-transmitted HEV will decrease. In addition, Trypanosoma cruzi antibody test for selective blood donors has been examined since August 2016, and the risk of Chagas disease infection by blood transfusion will be decreased. In the future, it is important for protecting against the transfusion-transmitted infection to inspect bacterial tests and know the information of emerging infectious disease occurring overseas. When the emerging infectious diseases such as DENV (dengue virus), WNV (West Nile virus), Zika (Zika virus) and CHIKV (chikungunya virus) occur in Japan, it is necessary to stimulate countermeasures and prepare what kind of tests should be performed for blood donors or criteria for blood donation.
乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎和艾滋病毒感染是由血液制品引起的众所周知的传染病，但最近几乎没有相关报告。2011年，日本将戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）抗体检测纳入医保范围，报告了一定数量的输血传播戊型肝炎病例，2019年确认了5例。自2020年8月起，日本红十字会已开始对所有献血者进行戊型肝炎病毒核酸检测（NAT），输血传播戊型肝炎的病例数将会减少。此外，自2016年8月起，已对选择性献血者进行克氏锥虫抗体检测，输血感染恰加斯病的风险将会降低。未来，为防范输血传播感染，开展细菌检测并了解海外出现的新发传染病信息非常重要。当日本出现登革热病毒（DENV）、西尼罗河病毒（WNV）、寨卡病毒（Zika）和基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）等新发传染病时，有必要推动应对措施，并确定应对献血者应进行何种检测或献血标准。
