School of Health and Biomedical Sciences.
School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Royal Melbourne Instutite of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;12(5):1701-1718. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.021. Epub 2021 Sep 8.
Intestinal macrophages play a key role in the gut immune system and the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology, including gut motility and secretion. Their ability to keep the gut from chronic inflammation despite constantly facing foreign antigens has been an important focus in gastrointestinal research. However, the heterogeneity of intestinal macrophages has impeded our understanding of their specific roles. It is now becoming clear that subsets of intestinal macrophages play diverse roles in various gastrointestinal diseases. This occurs through a complex interplay between cytokine production and enteric nervous system activation that differs for each pathologic condition. Key diseases and disorders in which intestinal macrophages play a role include postoperative ileus, inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as gastrointestinal disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus and Parkinson's disease. Here, we review the identification of intestinal macrophage subsets based on their origins and functions, how specific subsets regulate gut physiology, and the potential for these heterogeneous subpopulations to contribute to disease states. Furthermore, we outline the potential for these subpopulations to provide unique targets for the development of novel therapies for these disorders.
肠道巨噬细胞在肠道免疫系统和胃肠道生理调节中发挥着关键作用，包括肠道蠕动和分泌。尽管肠道巨噬细胞不断面临外来抗原，但它们仍能防止肠道发生慢性炎症，这一直是胃肠道研究的一个重要焦点。然而，肠道巨噬细胞的异质性阻碍了我们对其特定作用的理解。现在越来越清楚的是，肠道巨噬细胞的亚群在各种胃肠道疾病中发挥着不同的作用。这种作用是通过细胞因子产生和肠神经系统激活之间的复杂相互作用来实现的，而每种病理状况的作用方式都不同。肠道巨噬细胞发挥作用的主要疾病和紊乱包括术后肠梗阻、炎症性肠病、坏死性小肠结肠炎，以及与人类免疫缺陷病毒和帕金森病相关的胃肠道紊乱。在这里，我们回顾了根据其起源和功能对肠道巨噬细胞亚群的鉴定，特定亚群如何调节肠道生理，以及这些异质亚群对疾病状态的潜在贡献。此外，我们概述了这些亚群为这些疾病的新型治疗方法的开发提供独特靶点的潜力。
