Wu Zhen-Zhong, Zhang You-Xian, Yang Jin-Yan, Jia Zong-Qian
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Feb;29(7):9766-9779. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15874-3. Epub 2021 Sep 10.
Elevated vanadium in the environment adversely affects organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. Plants act as the main conduit for environmental vanadium to enter the food chain, and simultaneously their growth response characteristics reflect vanadium toxicity efficacy for plants. The aim of the present study is to investigate lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth involving morphological change, physiological adjustment, vanadium accumulation under vanadium stress, and the potential health risk (expressed as health risk index (HRI)) of adults and children who consume it. Lettuce was grown in nutrient solution with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 mg L of pentavalent vanadium [V(V)]. Results showed that 0.1 mg L V did not significantly affect lettuce growth versus control, and marked depression arose at ≥ 0.5 mg L V. Foliar proline increased rapidly at ≥ 0.5 mg L V. No striking change emerged in leaf cell membrane permeability at all treatments. V(V) and total vanadium concentration in plant tissues were ordered as root > stem > leaf, while tetravalent vanadium [V(IV)] was leaf > root > stem. No health risk (HRI < 1) exists for adults and children who consume lettuce at control treatment. However, the health risk occurs (HRI ˃ 1) when they both ingest the seedlings exposed to ≥ 0.1 mg L V, and the risk overall markedly increases with increasing vanadium. Therefore, enough attention needs to be paid to the human health associated with the ingestion of vegetables like lettuce grown in substrata contaminated by vanadium.
环境中钒含量升高会对包括植物、动物和人类在内的生物体产生不利影响。植物是环境中的钒进入食物链的主要途径，同时其生长响应特性反映了钒对植物的毒性效应。本研究的目的是调查生菜（Lactuca sativa L.）在钒胁迫下的生长情况，包括形态变化、生理调节、钒积累，以及食用该生菜的成年人和儿童的潜在健康风险（以健康风险指数（HRI）表示）。将生菜种植在含有0、0.1、0.5、2.0和4.0 mg/L五价钒[V(V)]的营养液中。结果表明，0.1 mg/L的V(V)与对照相比对生菜生长没有显著影响，而在≥0.5 mg/L的V(V)时出现明显抑制。在≥0.5 mg/L的V(V)时，叶片脯氨酸迅速增加。在所有处理下，叶片细胞膜通透性均未出现明显变化。植物组织中V(V)和总钒浓度的顺序为根＞茎＞叶，而四价钒[V(IV)]的顺序为叶＞根＞茎。对照处理下食用生菜的成年人和儿童不存在健康风险（HRI＜1）。然而，当他们食用暴露于≥0.1 mg/L V(V)的生菜幼苗时，健康风险就会出现（HRI＞1），并且风险总体上随着钒含量的增加而显著增加。因此，需要充分关注与食用生长在被钒污染基质中的生菜等蔬菜相关的人类健康问题。
