Psychologenpraktijk Vendrig & Tebbens, Vledder, The Netherlands.
MOVIR, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
Work. 2021;70(1):187-197. doi: 10.3233/WOR-213564.
Self-employed workers have largely been missing from research in work and occupational health. There are hardly any questionnaires that measure the specific problems and stressors of the self-employed. Recently the Work and Well-Being Inventory (WBI) (in Dutch: VAR-2) was normal and validated for the self-employed. However, a scale that measures the suitability as an entrepreneur was still lacking.
This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a new developed WBI-scale for self-employed workers (entrepreneurs) to assess the suitability as an entrepreneur.
The new developed entrepreneurship scale consisted of 15 items divided among 4 subscales: entrepreneurial attitude (4 items), management skills (3 items), entrepreneurial resilience (5 items), and financial health (3 items). We conducted a cross-sectional study, including 676 self-employed workers (business owners, liberal professions, and medical practitioners). Data was used to calculate the test-retest reliability, construct validity, concurrent validity, and incremental validity. Concurrent validity was calculated against external measures of stress and job demands.
Business owners obtained the highest mean score on the entrepreneurship scale, followed by liberal professions and medical practitioners. Cronbach's alpha was good for the full scale and sufficient for two subscales. Confirmatory factor analyses showed an excellent fit of the bi-factor model. We found a negative correlation between the entrepreneurship scale and the external measures of stress and job demands.
The new developed entrepreneurship scale provides a good reliable and valid instrument to assess psychosocial risks factors in self-employed workers. The scale can help medical advisors to assess psychosocial risk factors that make self-employed workers at risk of work disability or sickness absence. More research is needed to investigate the predictive validity of the scale.
个体经营者在工作和职业健康研究中基本上被忽略了。几乎没有任何问卷可以衡量个体经营者的具体问题和压力源。最近，工作和幸福感量表（WBI）（荷兰语：VAR-2）已经过标准化和验证，适用于个体经营者。然而，仍然缺乏衡量创业能力的量表。
本研究旨在评估新开发的 WBI 个体经营者量表（企业家）的心理测量特性，以评估其作为企业家的适宜性。
新开发的创业量表由 15 个项目组成，分为 4 个分量表：创业态度（4 个项目）、管理技能（3 个项目）、创业弹性（5 个项目）和财务健康（3 个项目）。我们进行了一项横断面研究，纳入了 676 名个体经营者（企业主、自由职业者和开业医生）。数据用于计算重测信度、结构效度、同时效度和增量效度。同时效度是根据压力和工作需求的外部衡量标准计算的。
企业主在创业量表上的平均得分最高，其次是自由职业者和开业医生。全量表的克朗巴赫的 α 较好，两个分量表的 α 足够。验证性因素分析显示双因素模型拟合良好。我们发现创业量表与压力和工作需求的外部衡量标准呈负相关。
新开发的创业量表为评估个体经营者的心理社会风险因素提供了一种良好的可靠和有效的工具。该量表可以帮助医疗顾问评估使个体经营者面临工作残疾或病假风险的心理社会风险因素。需要进一步研究来调查该量表的预测效度。
