[Epidermolysis bullosa in children: a retrospective study in a reference hospital].

BACKGROUND

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genodermatosis caused by mutations in the proteins of the dermal-epidermal junction, altering the epithelial cohesion, and generating blisters and shedding of skin and mucous membranes.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the main complications of patients with EB attended at the National Institute of Pediatrics, in Mexico City.

METHOD

An observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in patients under 18 years of age with diagnosis of EB. Patients with incomplete, purged or archived records were excluded.

RESULTS

We included 35 patients, 17 men and 18 women with an average age of 8.94 ± 4.9 years. Patients were classified as dystrophic EB (71.4%), EB simplex (17%), junctional EB (2.9%) and Kindler syndrome (2.9%). All patients presented skin manifestations, followed by manifestations in oral mucosa (74.3%), nutritional (54.2%), gastrointestinal (51.4%), hematological (40%), ophthalmological (37.1%), musculoskeletal (34.2%) and psychosocial symptoms (34.2%). The degree of severity was variable according to the subtype; junctional EB and dystrophic EB are those that generate greater affection and comorbidity.

CONCLUSIONS

EB is a serious multisystem genetic disease, which is why it requires an early diagnosis and a timely detection of complications.