Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA.
Utah Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2022 Jan;19(1):45-55. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0037. Epub 2021 Sep 14.
Nontyphoidal is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses, and concentrated animal production such as commercial mink farming can be a reservoir. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, serotypes, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and mobile genetic elements, and phylogenetic characterization of from mink fecal ( = 42) and feed ( = 8) samples at a commercial mink farm in the United States. was detected from 11 (26.2%) fecal and 1 (12.5%) feed samples. Twelve fecal isolates obtained from the positive samples were identified into four serotypes: Uganda (eight isolates; two isolates were obtained from one sample), Reading (two isolates), Heidelberg (one isolate), and Orion (one isolate). Two isolates from the positive feed sample were identified as Cerro. Twelve isolates, one isolate per positive sample, were whole genome sequenced for further characterization. The two Reading isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) with the classical ASSuT (ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline) phenotype. Genotypically, the isolates were correspondingly positive, both by polymerase chain reaction and by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), for , (3″)-Ib and (6)-Id, 2, and A). WGS additionally identified trimethoprim resistance gene A8 in Reading, and fosfomycin resistance gene A7 in Heidelberg. All isolates carried -specific multidrug resistance (A/B), gold resistance, and intimin-like virulence genes. In addition, Orion carried copper and silver resistance gene clusters. The two Reading isolates also carried a cytolethal distension toxin (B) gene. Reading isolates belonged to ST412, a predominant sequence type among turkey and human isolates obtained in relation to recent salmonellosis outbreaks in North America. Phylogenetically, Uganda, Heidelberg, and Reading were mostly associated with historic human/clinical, and poultry and swine source isolates. This study indicates that mink production can be a reservoir for foodborne pathogens such as with MDR serovars commonly associated with human illnesses.
非伤寒型是食源性疾病的主要原因，集中式动物生产如商业貂养殖可能是一个储库。本研究的目的是确定美国商业貂养殖场貂粪便（ = 42）和饲料（ = 8）样品中 的流行率、血清型、抗药性、毒力基因和移动遗传元件以及系统发育特征。从 11 份（26.2%）粪便和 1 份（12.5%）饲料样品中检测到 。从阳性样本中获得的 12 个粪便分离株被鉴定为 4 个血清型：乌干达（8 个分离株；两个分离株来自一个样本）、雷丁（2 个分离株）、海德堡（1 个分离株）和猎户座（1 个分离株）。来自阳性饲料样本的 2 个分离株被鉴定为 塞罗。从阳性样本中获得的 12 个分离株，每个样本一个分离株，进行全基因组测序以进一步进行特征描述。2 个雷丁分离株为多药耐药（MDR），具有经典 ASSuT（氨苄西林、链霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶和四环素）表型。通过聚合酶链反应和全基因组测序（WGS），这些分离株均为相应的阳性，基因型上，所有分离株均携带 、（3″）-Ib 和（6）-Id、2 和 A）。WGS 还在雷丁分离株中鉴定出 trimethoprim 耐药基因 A8，在海德堡分离株中鉴定出 fosfomycin 耐药基因 A7。所有分离株均携带 特异性多药耐药（A/B）、金耐药和肠细胞毒素样毒力基因。此外，猎户座携带铜和银耐药基因簇。2 个雷丁分离株还携带细胞扩张毒素（B）基因。雷丁分离株属于 ST412，这是北美近期沙门氏菌病暴发中与火鸡和人类分离株相关的主要序列类型。系统发育上，乌干达、海德堡和雷丁与历史上的人类/临床以及家禽和猪源分离株关系最为密切。本研究表明，貂养殖可能是食源性病原体的储库，如血清型与人类疾病相关的多药耐药 。
