From the Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Klaassen, Vork, Smeets, Troost, Kruimel, Masclee, Keszthelyi), School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht; Food Innovation and Health, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation (Klaassen, Troost), Maastricht University, Venlo; and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (Leue), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Psychosom Med. 2022 Apr 1;84(3):306-312. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001012.
Fullness is a cardinal symptom in functional dyspepsia (FD). The use of real-time symptom assessment might provide more insight into factors, such as daily stress, that can influence fullness. Therefore, this study aimed to use the experience sampling method (a real-time, repeated-measurement method making use of repeated questionnaires available at random moments for a limited amount of time) to assess the association between stress and fullness in patients with FD and healthy controls (HCs).
Thirty-five patients with FD (25 female, mean age = 44.7 years) and 34 HCs (24 female, mean age = 44.1 years) completed the experience sampling method (a maximum of 10 random moments per day) for 7 consecutive days. Stress and fullness were rated on an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale. Data between patients with FD and HCs were statistically compared using a Student samples t test and linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures (level 1) nested within participants (level 2).
Average fullness scores were 2.23 (standard error = 0.37) points higher in patients with FD compared with HCs (p < .001). Average stress scores were 1.37 (standard error = 0.30) points higher in patients with FD compared with HCs (p = .002).In FD, fullness scores increased with 0.14 for every 1-point increase in concurrent stress scores (p = .010). Fullness scores at t = 0 increased with 0.12 for every 1-point increase in stress scores at t = -1 (p = .019). T = 0 stress scores were not associated with change in t = -1 fullness scores. No associations between concurrent symptom scores were found for HCs.
Concurrent and preceding stress scores are positively associated with fullness scores in patients with FD, but not in HCs. These findings indicate that increased levels of stress may precede feelings of fullness in patients with FD.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04204421.
饱满感是功能性消化不良（FD）的主要症状。实时症状评估可能会更深入地了解日常压力等因素对饱满感的影响。因此，本研究旨在使用经验采样法（一种实时、重复测量方法，利用随机时刻提供的重复问卷，在有限的时间内进行测量）评估 FD 患者和健康对照者（HCs）的压力与饱满感之间的关联。
35 名 FD 患者（25 名女性，平均年龄=44.7 岁）和 34 名 HCs（24 名女性，平均年龄=44.1 岁）在连续 7 天内完成了经验采样法（每天最多 10 个随机时刻）。使用 11 点数字评分量表对压力和饱满感进行评分。FD 患者和 HCs 之间的数据比较使用学生样本 t 检验和线性混合效应模型进行，重复测量（水平 1）嵌套在参与者内（水平 2）。
FD 患者的平均饱满感评分比 HCs 高 2.23（标准误差=0.37）分（p<0.001）。FD 患者的平均压力评分比 HCs 高 1.37（标准误差=0.30）分（p=0.002）。FD 患者中，随着并发压力评分每增加 1 分，饱满感评分增加 0.14（p=0.010）。随着 t=-1 时压力评分每增加 1 分，t=0 时饱满感评分增加 0.12（p=0.019）。t=0 时的压力评分与 t=-1 时饱满感评分的变化无关。在 HCs 中，没有发现并发症状评分之间的关联。
FD 患者的并发和前期压力评分与饱满感评分呈正相关，但在 HCs 中则没有相关性。这些发现表明，压力水平的增加可能先于 FD 患者的饱满感。
ClinicalTrials.gov 标识符 NCT04204421。
