Borges Luísa M S, Treneman Nancy C, Haga Takuma, Shipway J Reuben, Raupach Michael J, Altermark Bjørn, Carlton James T
L(3) Scientific Solutions, Runder Berg 7e, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 5389, Charleston, OR 97420, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2022 Jan;166:107312. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107312. Epub 2021 Sep 13.
Cryptic species are a common phenomenon in cosmopolitan marine species. The use of molecular tools has often uncovered cryptic species occupying a fraction of the geographic range of the original morphospecies. Shipworms (Teredinidae) are marine bivalves, living in drift and fixed wood, many of which have a conserved morphology across cosmopolitan distributions. Herein novel and GenBank mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S rRNA) DNA sequences are employed to produce a phylogeny of the Teredinidae and delimit a cryptic species pair in the Psiloteredo megotara complex. The anatomy, biogeography, and ecology of P. megotara, Psiloteredo sp. and Nototeredo edax are compared based on private and historic museum collections and a thorough literature review. Morphological and anatomical characters of P. megotara from the North Atlantic and Psiloteredo sp. from Japan were morphologically indistinguishable, and differ in pallet architecture and soft tissue anatomy from N. edax. The two Psiloteredo species were then delimited as genetically distinct species using four molecular-based methods. Consequently, the Northwest Pacific species, Psiloteredo pentagonalis, first synonymized with N. edax and then with P. megotara, is resurrected. Nototeredo edax, P. megotara and P. pentagonalis are redescribed based upon morphological and molecular characters. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed cryptic species complexes within the cosmopolitan species Bankia carinata and possibly additional cryptic lineages within the cosmopolitan Lyrodus pedicellatus.
隐存种是广布性海洋物种中的常见现象。分子工具的运用常常揭示出占据原形态物种地理分布范围一部分的隐存种。船蛆（蛀木水虱科）是海洋双壳贝类，生活在漂流木和固定木中，其中许多在全球分布范围内具有保守的形态。在此，利用新的和来自GenBank的线粒体（细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I）和核（18S rRNA）DNA序列构建了蛀木水虱科的系统发育树，并在细木船蛆复合体中界定了一对隐存种。基于私人收藏和历史博物馆藏品以及全面的文献综述，对细木船蛆、细木船蛆属未定种和食木船蛆的解剖结构、生物地理学和生态学进行了比较。来自北大西洋的细木船蛆和来自日本的细木船蛆属未定种在形态上难以区分，并且在隔板结构和软组织解剖方面与食木船蛆不同。然后使用四种基于分子的方法将这两种细木船蛆属物种界定为基因上不同的物种。因此，西北太平洋物种五角细木船蛆，最初被同物异名化为食木船蛆，然后又被同物异名化为细木船蛆，现被重新恢复。基于形态和分子特征对食木船蛆、细木船蛆和五角细木船蛆进行了重新描述。系统发育分析进一步揭示了全球分布的船蛆属物种内的隐存种复合体，以及可能在全球分布的柄船蛆属物种内存在的其他隐存谱系。
