Nouioui Imen, Dye Timothy
Devonshire Building Newcastle University School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle Upon Tyne United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Aurum Switzerland AG Zurich Switzerland.
Food Sci Nutr. 2021 Jul 21;9(9):4839-4854. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2413. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Over the last few decades, a wealth of evidence has formed the basis for "the Old Friends hypothesis" suggesting that, in contrast to the past, increasingly people are living in environments with limited and less diverse microbial exposure, with potential consequences for their health. Hence, including safe live or heat-killed microbes in the diet may be beneficial in promoting and maintaining human health. In order to assess the safety of microbes beyond the current use of standardized cultures and probiotic supplements, new approaches are being developed. Here, we present evidence for the safety of heat-killed Aogashima as a novel food, utilizing the decision tree approach developed by Pariza and colleagues (2015). We provide evidence that the genome of Aogashima is free of (1) genetic elements associated with pathogenicity or toxigenicity, (2) transferable antibiotic resistance gene DNA, and (3) genes coding for antibiotics used in human or veterinary medicine. Moreover, a 90-day oral toxicity study in rats showed that (4) the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was the highest concentration tested, namely 2000 g/kg BW/day. We conclude that oral consumption of heat-killed . Aogashima is safe and warrants further evaluation as a novel food ingredient.
在过去几十年里，大量证据构成了“老朋友假说”的基础，该假说认为，与过去相比，越来越多的人生活在微生物接触有限且种类较少的环境中，这可能对他们的健康产生影响。因此，在饮食中加入安全的活微生物或热灭活微生物可能有助于促进和维持人类健康。为了评估除目前使用的标准化培养物和益生菌补充剂之外的微生物的安全性，正在开发新的方法。在此，我们利用帕里扎及其同事（2015年）开发的决策树方法，提供热灭活青岛微菌作为新型食品安全性的证据。我们提供的证据表明，青岛微菌的基因组不含：（1）与致病性或产毒性相关的遗传元件；（2）可转移的抗生素抗性基因DNA；以及（3）编码人用或兽用抗生素的基因。此外，一项对大鼠进行的90天口服毒性研究表明：（4）未观察到不良反应水平（NOAEL）为所测试的最高浓度，即2000克/千克体重/天。我们得出结论，口服热灭活青岛微菌是安全的，有必要作为一种新型食品成分作进一步评估。
