Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral, (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Am J Hum Biol. 2022 Apr;34(4):e23682. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23682. Epub 2021 Sep 17.
We aimed to contribute to the understanding of the ancient geographic origins of the uniparentally inherited markers in modern admixed Argentinian populations from central Patagonia with new information provided for the city of Trelew. We attempted to highlight the importance of combining different genetic markers when studying population history.
The mtDNA control region sequence was typified in 89 individuals and 12 Y-STR and 15 Y-SNP loci were analyzed in 66 males. With these data, analysis of molecular variance and Network analyses were carried out. We exhaustively compared the modern data with ancient mtDNA information. Finally, we tested the differences in continental origins estimated by uniparental and previously published biparental markers.
Native American mtDNAs (53.9%) increased when maternal ancestors were born in the northern (81.8%) and southern (58.5%) regions of Argentina or in Chile (77.8%). Population substructure was only observed for Y-chromosome haplotypes. Some mtDNA haplogroups have been present in the area for at least ca. 2762-2430 and ca. 500 (D1g and D1g4 haplogroups) and ca. 6736 and ca. 6620 (C1b and C1c haplogroups) years, respectively. In contrast, haplogroups B2i2 and C1b13, frequent in modern Patagonia populations, had not been found in previous ancient DNA studies of the region.
The results suggest that Native American ancestry is well preserved in the region. Trelew samples had characteristic native mtDNA haplogroups previously described in Chilean and Argentine Patagonian populations, but not observed in ancient samples until now. These findings support the idea that these lineages have a recent regional origin. Finally, the estimated proportions of continental ancestry depend on the genetic marker analyzed.
我们旨在通过为特雷利乌市提供新的信息，增进对现代阿根廷中部分布中心混合人群中单亲遗传标记的古老地理起源的理解。我们试图强调在研究人口历史时结合不同遗传标记的重要性。
对 89 名个体的 mtDNA 控制区序列进行了分型，并对 66 名男性的 12 个 Y-STR 和 15 个 Y-SNP 位点进行了分析。利用这些数据，进行了分子方差分析和网络分析。我们对现代数据与古代 mtDNA 信息进行了详尽的比较。最后，我们测试了由单亲和先前发表的双亲标记估计的大陆起源差异。
当母系祖先出生在阿根廷北部（81.8%）和南部（58.5%）或智利（77.8%）时，美洲原住民 mtDNA（53.9%）增加。仅在 Y 染色体单倍型上观察到种群亚结构。一些 mtDNA 单倍群在该地区至少存在了大约 2762-2430 年和大约 500 年（D1g 和 D1g4 单倍群）和大约 6736 年和大约 6620 年（C1b 和 C1c 单倍群）。相比之下，在该地区以前的古 DNA 研究中没有发现现代巴塔哥尼亚人群中常见的单倍群 B2i2 和 C1b13。
结果表明，该地区的美洲原住民血统保存完好。特雷利乌样本具有先前在智利和阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚人群中描述的特征性本土 mtDNA 单倍群，但直到现在在古代样本中都没有观察到。这些发现支持这些谱系具有最近的区域起源的观点。最后，大陆血统的估计比例取决于分析的遗传标记。
