Eckle Veit-Simon, Alius Florian
Notfallzentrum, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstr. 11, 14165, Berlin, Deutschland.
Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2021 Oct;116(7):627-634. doi: 10.1007/s00063-021-00864-7. Epub 2021 Sep 17.
Relevant exposure to important infectious pathogens can occur during sexual assault. If there is a latent period between exposure and illness due to an infection with pathogens, a postexposure prophylaxis can effectively inhibit the infection. In the present review article possible postexposure prophylaxis treatment for tetanus, hepatitis B, HIV and hepatitis A are discussed with a focus on the time window within which a specific regimen should be started and in which temporal order. These recommendations are based on the epidemiologic conditions in Germany. Moreover, the two most frequent sexually transmitted bacterial infections, namely Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis are presented, as victims of sexual assault in particular often do not return for control investigations in an outpatient setting.
在性侵犯过程中可能会接触到重要的传染性病原体。如果接触病原体后到发病存在潜伏期，暴露后预防可有效抑制感染。在本综述文章中，讨论了破伤风、乙型肝炎、艾滋病毒和甲型肝炎可能的暴露后预防治疗，重点关注应开始特定治疗方案的时间窗以及时间顺序。这些建议基于德国的流行病学情况。此外，还介绍了两种最常见的性传播细菌感染，即淋病奈瑟菌和沙眼衣原体，因为性侵犯受害者尤其经常不在门诊进行后续检查。
