2017-2020 年中国华东地区上海地区学龄儿童尿液抗生素水平。
Urinary antibiotic level of school children in Shanghai, East China, 2017-2020.
机构信息
Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051, China.
出版信息
Environ Pollut. 2021 Dec 15;291:118167. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118167. Epub 2021 Sep 11.
In recent years, an extensive exposure to antibiotics from various sources has been demonstrated in China by the biomonitoring method, but the temporal trend remains little known. The study aim was to explore the temporal trend of exposure to antibiotics and associated health risk in children. A dynamic child cohort was established in Shanghai, East China between 2017 and 2020. A total of 684 school children aged 7-11 years were included, and 280 in 2017, 279 in 2018, 288 in 2019, and 287 in 2020 participated in annual surveys. Twenty-three typical antibiotics and three metabolites from five categories (four tetracyclines, five qinolones, six macrolides, eight sulfonamides, and three phenicols), bisphenol A (BPA), and monobutyl phthalate (MBP) were determined in urine. Logistic regression analysis with generalized estimating equations was conducted to investigate the associations between various variables and the detection frequency of antibiotics in urine. Seventeen antibiotics and three metabolites were found in 51.9% of all urine samples. Compared to 2017, the detection frequency in urine reduced 31.8% in 2020 for all antibiotics (58.2% vs 39.7%) and reduced 36.8%-55.8% for tetracyclines (11.4% vs 7.0%), qinolones (34.3% vs 21.3%), macrolides (8.6% vs 3.8%), sulfonamides (16.4% vs 8.7%), and phenicols (19.3% vs 12.2%). After accounting for personal characteristics, food consumption, and urinary BPA and MBP, a decreasing temporal trend of detection frequencies was observed from 2017 to 2020 for most antibiotics. Urinary concentration, estimated daily intake, and acceptable daily intake-based health risk of antibiotics showed a temporal trend similar to detection frequency. There was an extensive exposure to antibiotics in children. However, a decreasing temporal trend occurred for the exposure during the period from 2017 to 2020. The trend was likely to be caused by decreased antibiotic use and/or decreased residues in food and/or drinking water.
近年来，中国通过生物监测方法证明了人们从各种来源广泛接触抗生素，但抗生素暴露的时间趋势仍知之甚少。本研究旨在探索儿童接触抗生素及其相关健康风险的时间趋势。2017 年至 2020 年期间，在中国华东地区的上海建立了一个动态儿童队列。共纳入 684 名 7-11 岁的在校儿童，2017 年 280 人，2018 年 279 人，2019 年 288 人，2020 年 287 人参加了年度调查。在尿液中检测了五类（四种四环素、五种喹诺酮类、六种大环内酯类、八种磺胺类和三种酚类）的 23 种典型抗生素和三种代谢物、双酚 A（BPA）和单丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（MBP）。采用广义估计方程的逻辑回归分析调查了各种变量与尿液中抗生素检测频率之间的关系。在所有尿液样本中，发现了 17 种抗生素和三种代谢物，占 51.9%。与 2017 年相比，2020 年所有抗生素的尿液检测频率降低了 31.8%（58.2%对 39.7%），四环素降低了 36.8%-55.8%（11.4%对 7.0%），喹诺酮类降低了 34.3%对 21.3%，大环内酯类降低了 8.6%对 3.8%，磺胺类降低了 16.4%对 8.7%，酚类降低了 19.3%对 12.2%。在考虑了个人特征、食物消费以及尿液中的 BPA 和 MBP 后，从 2017 年到 2020 年，大多数抗生素的检测频率呈现出下降的时间趋势。抗生素的尿液浓度、估计日摄入量和基于可接受日摄入量的健康风险也呈现出与检测频率相似的时间趋势。儿童接触抗生素的情况很广泛。然而，在 2017 年至 2020 年期间，接触抗生素的情况呈下降趋势。这种趋势可能是由于抗生素使用减少和/或食物和/或饮用水中抗生素残留减少所致。
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