Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508270 São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508270 São Paulo, Brazil.
Res Vet Sci. 2021 Nov;140:212-220. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.09.003. Epub 2021 Sep 8.
The synovial membrane (SM) presents itself with distinctive characteristics during arthroscopic procedures in cases of osteoarthritis (OA) as well as osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in horses. Most of the arthroscopic findings of the SM are limited to a description of a nonspecific inflammation state. In the present study, the macroscopic and histological aspects of the SM in OA and OCD horses were compared to those of healthy horses. The expression of interleukin (IL) in SM was also investigated. Besides, the concentrations of ILs and keratan sulfate (KS) in the synovial fluid (SF), and the molecular weights of the SF hyaluronic acid (HA) were also determined and correlated to the macroscopic and histological aspects of SM. This study included 10 healthy horses (control group), 12 horses with OA, and 12 with OCD. Macroscopic scores of the SM were higher in the OA group in comparison to the control and OCD groups. However, histological scores between OA and OCD were not different, and both were higher than the control group. Only in the OA group, there was a correlation between macroscopic and histological aspects of the SM, especially between volume and quantity of villi with perivascular inflammatory cells and synovial proliferation. The OA group has shown decreased expression of IL-10 in the SM, lower IL-10 and KS, and higher IL-1β and IL-6 in the SF in comparison to the control and OCD groups. There was a significant negative correlation between the macroscopic aspect of the SM and the molecular weights AH in the OA group. There was no correlation between the macroscopic aspect of the SM and all dosages in the OA and OCD group. In the OA joints, the evaluation of the shape of the SM during arthroscopy promotes a better indicator for joint inflammatory or tissue repair processes, while in the osteochondritic joints, investigation of the histological aspects are recommended to rule out an incipient OA development process. Both are helpful and should be considered to guide the postoperative treatment.
关节滑膜（SM）在关节镜检查中呈现出独特的特征，无论是在骨关节炎（OA）还是在马的剥脱性骨软骨炎（OCD）中。大多数关节镜下SM 的发现仅限于对非特异性炎症状态的描述。在本研究中，比较了 OA 和 OCD 马的 SM 的宏观和组织学特征与健康马的 SM 特征。还研究了 SM 中白细胞介素（IL）的表达。此外，还测定了滑液（SF）中 IL 和硫酸角质素（KS）的浓度以及 SF 透明质酸（HA）的分子量，并将其与 SM 的宏观和组织学特征相关联。本研究包括 10 匹健康马（对照组）、12 匹 OA 马和 12 匹 OCD 马。与对照组和 OCD 组相比，OA 组的 SM 宏观评分更高。然而，OA 和 OCD 之间的组织学评分没有差异，且均高于对照组。只有在 OA 组中，SM 的宏观和组织学方面存在相关性，尤其是在血管周围炎性细胞和滑膜增生的绒毛数量和体积之间。与对照组和 OCD 组相比，OA 组 SM 中的 IL-10 表达降低，SF 中的 IL-10 和 KS 降低，IL-1β 和 IL-6 升高。OA 组 SM 的宏观方面与 AH 的分子量之间存在显著负相关。OA 和 OCD 组的 SM 宏观方面与所有剂量之间均无相关性。在 OA 关节中，关节镜检查期间对 SM 形状的评估可促进更好的关节炎症或组织修复过程的指标，而在骨软骨性关节中，建议进行组织学方面的研究以排除早期 OA 发展过程。两者都有帮助，应考虑将其作为指导术后治疗的依据。
